Pharm 2 Final:

• What do central nervous system stimulants do?

  Increase the activity of excitatory CNS neurotransmitters
• Amphetamines

  dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine
• __% of ADHD cases persist into adulthood

  60
• Serotonin agonists

  Almotriptan, sumatriptan
• Sympathomimetics (2)


  Phentermine, epinephrine
• ADHD symptoms must persist for ___ months or longer for it to be diagnosed

  6
• Xanthines (3)


  Caffeine, theophylline, aminophylline
• What age do ADHD symptoms become present?

  7 years
• Non-stimulant medications for ADHD

  amoxetine
• Amphetamines increase what? (2)

  norepinephrine, dopamine
• With regular use of amphetamines, the body ___________ own production of neurotransmitters

  decrease
• What drug class have a high potential for abuse due to euphoria?

  Amphetamines
• Therapeutic uses for amphetamines and methylphenidate (2)

  ADHD, nacrolepsy
• What can accelerate amphetamine excretion?

  acidifying the urine
• T or F: amphetamines should be given at night


  False
• What Methylphenidate is topical and where is it applied?

  Daytranta, hip
• Dexmethylphenidate is a 50:50 of what?

  Dextro, Levo isomers
• T or F: the dextro isomer in Dexmethylphenidate accounts for most of the pharmacologic activity


  True
• What is the US typical intake of xanthine derivatives?

  200 mg
• What major side effect can occur with large amounts of Methylxanthines (caffeine specifically)?


  Seizures
• What is a main therapeutic use of caffeine?

  Neonatal apnea
• Therapeutic uses for Modafinil (3)


  Shift-work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, nacrolepsy
• T or F: Atomoxetine has no potential for abuse


  True
• What should be monitored especially with children taking Atomoxetine?


  Weight
• Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists for ADHD (2)

  guanfacine, clonidine
• What are 3 second time drugs for ADHD in children?

  Desipramine, imipramine, buprpion
• What anesthesia involves no paralysis of respiratory function (ex. used during stitches)?

  Local anesthesia
• What anesthesia is local with sedation and analgesia without complete loss of consciousness?

  MAC or moderate sedation
• What anesthesia involves complete loss of consciousness and loss of body reflexes?

  General anesthesia
• Out of amides and esters, which have an increased incidence of allergic reactions?


  Esters
• Esters (1)


  Procaine
• Amides (1)


  lidocaine
• Where are topical local anesthetics applied?

  directly to skin or mucous membranes
• Systemic toxicity symptoms of lidocaine (5)

  tinnitus, metallic taste, convulsions, LOC, lightheadedness
• What should be avoided when wearing a lidocaine patch? (2)

  Strenuous exercise and applying heat on site
• What is injecting a local anesthetic directly into the immediate area of surgery or manipulation?

  Infiltration
• What is epinephrine contraindicated with?


  fingers, nose, and other body parts with end arteries (results in gangrene)
• What involves injecting a local anesthetic into or near nerves?

  Nerve block
• What spinal anesthetic involves injecting a local anesthetic into the epidural space

  Epidural anesthesia
• Epidural anesthesias (2)


  lidocaine, bupivacaine