Use of Terror and Supression

• What event led to the Emergency Decree in 1933?

  Reichstag Fire
• What was the consequence of the Emergency Decree in 1933?

  Arrest of 100,000 communists/Socialists
• What was the first concentration camp established by the Nazis?

  Dachau
• What role did the SA play during the March 1933 elections?

  They acted as auxiliary police and intimidated voters
• How many people were killed during the Night of the Long Knives (NOTCK)?

  400
• Who were some notable figures killed during the NOTCK?

  Röhm, Schleicher, von Kahr
• How was terror perceived in Nazi Germany?

  It was often welcomed, targeting unpopular groups
• What was the SS originally established as?

  Elite guard for Hitler
• How did the size of the SS change from 1933 to 1939?

  Increased from 82,000 to 240,000
• What were the Death's Head units responsible for?

  Running concentration camps
• What was the role of the Gestapo?

  Secret police with power to arrest without trial
• How many officers were in the Gestapo by 1939?

  20-30,000
• What did the Gestapo rely heavily on?

  Denunciations from informers
• What was the SD and who led it?

  Intelligence arm of SS led by Heydrich
• What did the Kripo deal with?

  Asocials like homosexuals and prostitutes
• What was the RSHA established for?

  To coordinate all police under Himmler/Heydrich
• What were Special Courts established in 1933 known for?

  Being loyal to Nazi judges with no right of appeal
• What was the purpose of the People's Court established in 1934?

  Treason trials with increased death penalties
• What was required of judges and lawyers in Nazi Germany?

  They had to swear an oath of loyalty
• What happened to civil servants and judges who were not loyal?

  They were retired from their positions
• What was the significance of not-guilty verdicts in Nazi courts?

  They were meaningless as Gestapo could re-arrest
• How was the rule of law treated in Nazi Germany?

  Ignored if not useful to Nazis
• How many Germans were convicted of political crimes from 1933 to 1939?

  225,000
• Who were the primary targets of Nazi terror?

  Asocials, Communists, and Jews
• How did the majority of Germans respond to Nazi actions?

  They were not directly affected and avoided opposition
• What effect did terror have on public consent in Nazi Germany?

  Terror reinforced consent and approval of actions