Eye and Ear - Review Quiz

• what is the function of the organ of conti?

  detect sounds
• how many cone cells are in the human retina?

  4,600,000
• what is not part of the eyelid?

  ciliary muscles
• in addition to the loss of visual acuity, one of the dangers of a detached retina is that...

  it cannot receive needed metabolic support from the pigmented layer and the choroid, and so the retinal cells will die eventually
• the name for increased intraocular pressure

  glaucoma
• type of fiber that forms the sclera

  collagen
• inflammation of this layer is called pink eye

  conjunctiva
• this substance fills the posterior cavity

  vitreous humor
• the middle ear bones are the malleus, incus, and stapes; collectively these are called the...

  auditory ossicles
• where are the hair cells found?

  in the utricle, saccule, semicircular canals, and cochlear duct
• which structure attaches the lens to the ciliary body?

  zonular fibers
• converts light to nerve impulses

  neural layer of retina
• composed of layers of smooth muscle

  iris
• absorbs extraneous light

  pigmented layer of retina
• secretes aqueous humor

  ciliary body
• visual accommodation in humans is accomplished by...

  changing the shape of the lens
• vision is the sharpest in the fovea region of the retina. why?

  • very few capillaries are present in the fovea
  • the cone cells are abundant and tightly packed
  • the cell bodies of the ganglion cells are peripheral to the fovea
• which one of the following proteins fills the cytoplasm of differentiating lens fibers?

  crystallins
• this is not involved directly in maintaining balance and equilibrium

  tectorial membrane
• which pair of the three types of sensory receptors in the inner ear is most similar?

  cristae ampullares and maculae
• the utricle and saccule are innervated by the vestibular branch of cranial nerve VII, and the organ of conti is innervated by the cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII
• mechanical bending of the stereocilia towards the kinocilium causes...

  depolarization of the hair cells
• this is true of cone cells

  cone cells have several types of visual pigments
• this is true of sound waves

  low-frequency sound waves stimulate the organ of corti and basilar membrane at the apical (most distal) end of the cochlear duct
• all of these are true

  • rods have rhodopsin as the visual pigment
  • cones have three types of iodopsin visual pigments
  • visual pigments are proteins that change their shape due to a reaction with photons
• which structure separates the outer ear from the tympanic cavity?

  tympanum or tympanic membrane
• what is the function of the cristae ampullares?

  detect rotational movements of the head
• the auditory or eustachian tube connects the middle ear cavity to the...

  nasopharynx
• otitis media is caused by...

  infection entering from the upper respiratory tract
• these are true of lacrimal glands

  • lacrimal glands are different than tarsal glands
  • lacrimal glands are serous tubuloacinar glands
  • tears from the lacrimal glands pass into the nasal passages by way of the nasolacrimal duct
• which of these is a cause of red-green color blindness?

  defects in red or green cones; there are different causes for red-green color blindness
• ceruminous glands, which produce ear wax, are a modified type of...

  sweat glands
• seasickness is caused by...

  overstimulation of the maculae of the utricle by changes in linear acceleration
• which of these middle ear bones sits against the oval window?

  stapes