rved 4 finals

• Virtue


  Conformity of life and conduct with the principles of morality
• Virtue


  • Practical attitudes and habits adopted in obedience to moral principles
  • Moral excellence and exhibition of good behavior by a person
  • Universal and highly recognized by all cultures and traditions of the world
  • Basic qualities necessary for our well-being and happiness
• An effective moral life demands the practice of both human and theological virtues
• Cardinal Virtues


  • Prudence
  • Justice
  • Fortitude
  • Temperance
• Cardinal Virtues


  • Form the soul with the habits of mind and will that support moral behavior, control passions, and avoid sin
  • Guide our conduct according to the dictates of faith and reason, leading us toward freedom based on self-control and toward joy in living a good moral life
• Human Virtues


  • Compassion
  • Responsibility
  • Sense of duty
  • Self-discipline and restraint
  • Honesty
  • Loyalty
  • Friendship
  • Courage
  • Persistence
• Human Virtues


  • Firm attitudes, stable dispositions, habitual perfections of intellect and will that govern our actions, order our passions, and guide our conduct according to reason and faith
  • The virtuous person tends toward the good with all his sensory and spiritual powers; he pursues the good and chooses it in concrete actions
• Theological Virtues


  • Faith
  • Hope
  • Charity (love)
• Theological Virtues


  • Relate directly to God
  • Not acquired through human effort but infused within us as gifts from God
  • Dispose us to live in relationship with the Holy Trinity
  • Increase the stability and strength of human virtues for our lives
• Each of the Ten Commandments


  Forbids certain sins, but each also points to virtues that will help us avoid such sins
• Seven Deadly or Capital Sins

  • Pride
  • Greed
  • Envy
  • Anger
  • Lust
  • Gluttony
  • Sloth or laziness
• a virtue is a habitual and firm disposition to to good
• Prudence


  • Right reason in action
  • Judgment
  • Care
  • Common sense
  • Cautiousness
  • Presence-of-mind
• Prudence


  The virtue that disposes practical reason to discern our true good in every circumstance and to choose the right means of achieving it
• The prudent man looks where he is going
• Prudence


  The charioteer of the virtues; it guides the other virtues by setting rule and measure
• Prudence


  It immediately guides the judgment of conscience
• Prudent man


  Determines and directs his conduct in accordance with this judgment
• Prudence


  With its help, we apply moral principles to cases without error and overcome doubts about the good to achieve and the evil to avoid
• Three stages of an act of Prudence

  1. To take counsel carefully with oneself and from others

  2. To judge correctly on the basis of the evidence at hand

  3. To direct the rest of one's activity according to the norms determined after a prudent judgment has been made
• Disregarding the advice or warnings of others whose judgment does not coincide with ours is a sign of imprudence
• Prudence


  The act of being careful
• It is possible that we are right and others wrong; but the opposite may be true, especially if we find ourselves disagreeing with those whose moral judgment is generally sound
• prudence is considered as auriga virtutum making it the foundation of other virtues
• Virtue of Justice

  The moral virtue that consists in the constant and firm will to give their due to God and neighbor
• Justice toward God

  The "virtue of religion"
• Justice

  Giving God and neighbor what they are owed
• Justice

  • It governs how we relate to both God and our neighbor
  • It is critical
• Cardinal virtue of justice

  Enables us to render to others what is due to them on a consistent basis
• Justice

  • It seeks to observe the rights of all
  • It is more of an external virtue because it is directed to others
  • It seeks proportionality, such that each person has what is his part, share, portion, or due
  • It seeks to render to each what he should have
• Injustice

  The defect of justice
• Judgment

  The excess of justice
• Injustice is the opposite of justice; it strikes against both the common good and the good of individuals
• Injustice fails to render to others what is their due
• Judgment in this context refers to what we call "rash judgment" or "harsh judgment" today
• There are judgments that we should and must make, such as between right and wrong
• Different aspects of the virtue of Justice (PARTS)

  • Distributive Justice
  • Commutative Justice
  • Religion
  • Piety
  • Observance
  • Restitution
  • Gratitude
  • Obedience
  • Equity
  • Truthfulness
  • Liberality
• Distributive Justice

  Justice exercised by the community toward its individual members; it looks to the bestowal of goods rather than their exchange; it is rooted in proportionality of merits or needs
• Commutative Justice

  Justice that is between persons; it looks to the exchange of goods in due proportion and with a significant degree of exactness
• Religion

  We owe God a debt of honor, worship, gratitude for He has given us: life and every good thing; we are to render to God what is rightly His