Fungi

• Cap (Pileus)


  • Uppermost protective part of mushroom
• Gills (Lamellae)


  • Where the spores are produced
• Stem (Stape)


  • Holds up the cap
• Ring (Annulus)


  • Protects the gills
• Cup (Volva)


  • Holds the immature mushroom
• Spores


  Seeds for new mushrooms
• Hyphae


  Tiny threads that come from spores
• Mycelium


  Hyphae that have connected together
• Cell of all fungi

  • Surrounded by cell walls
• Hyphae


  • Branching and threadlike fibers that make up the body of the fungus
• Fruiting body


  • Part of the fungus that produces spores, the basic reproductive units of fungi
• Spores The reproducing bodies molds. are rarely seen in skin scrapings.
• Dimorphic fungi


  Fungi that can grow as either a yeast or mold, depending on environmental conditions and temperature (usually growing as a yeast at body temperatures)
• Saprophytes


  Fungi that live in and utilize organic matter (soil, rotten vegetation) as an energy source
• Tinea nigra


  A superficial fungal infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the hands and feet, caused by Exophiala werneckii
• Tinea corporis (body)


  Invasion of the horny layer of the skin, the fungi spread, forming a ring shape with a red, raised border
• Tinea cruris (jock itch)


  Patients develop itchy red patches on the groin and scrotum
• Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)


  Infection commonly begins between the toes, and causes cracking and peeling of the skin. Infection requires warmth and moisture, so it only occurs in those wearing shoes
• Tinea capitis (scalp)


  Condition primarily occurs in children, the infecting organisms grow in the hair and scalp, resulting in scaly red lesions with loss of hair
• Tinea unguium (onychomycosis, nails)


  Infection of the nails
• Give antifungal drugs (Systemic Mycosis): Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Voriconazole
• Drugs used for superficial mycosis: Clotrimazole, Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Nystatin
• Parts of the mushroom: Cap (Pileus), Ring (Annulus), Cup (Volva), Scales, Gills (Lamella), Stem (Stape), Mycelial threads
• Dermatophytoses: live in the dead
• keratinase: digests keratin
• Vertiligo: loses of it’s pigment cells (melanocytes) not fungal infection.
• Candida albicans: last type of fungal infection.
• Subcutaneous fungal infections: trauma to the skin.
• Sporothrix schenckii: dimorphic fungi found in soil and plants.
• Phialophora and Cladosporium: blasting cauliflower warts
• Cryptococcus neoformans: pigeon droppings.
• Oral thrush: white patches on tongue, gums, roof of mouth.
• Vaginitis: inflammation of the vagina, caused by bacterial infection and tappwhen taking antibiotics.
• Diaper rash: warm moist areas.
• Common risk factors for developing fungal infections.

  1. Living in hot and humid climates.
  2. Compromised immunity
  3. Living in an unclean environment
  4. Wearing dirty clothes
  5. Wearing too tight clothes
  6. Obesity
  7. Stress
  8. Hormonal changes
• yeast: unicellular growth form of fungi these cells can appear spherical to ellipsoidal.
• molds: also called mycelia a multicellular colonies composed of clumps of interwined branching hyphae.
• spores: the reproducing bodies of molds
• common dermatophytes are: microsporum, trichophyton, epidermiphyton.
• three fungi that causes systemic diseases in human arem histoplasma, capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitides, and coccidiodes immitis.