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• • First Aid - is the provision of immediate care to a victim with an injury of illness, usually affected by a layperson, and performed within a limited skill range.
• • Guiding Principles and Purpose of First Aid given in mnemonic "3 Ps"

  1. Preserve Life
  2. Prevent Further Injury
  3. Promote Recovery
• • Limitations - the nature of First Aid means that most people will only have a limited knowledge, and first aiders are advised to seek professional help when they reach the limits of their knowledge
• • Characteristics of a Good First Aider
  • gentle, resourceful, sympathetic, observant, tactful
• • Objectives of First Aid and Aims to Accomplish the Following Goals
  • =Preserved Life

  =Prevent Further Harm and Complications =Seek Immediate Medical Help

  = Provide Reassurance
• =According to the Article 12 No. 4 of Act No. 3815 of the Philippine Revised Penal Code Book One

  "Any person who, while performing a lawful act with due care, causes an injury by mere accident without fault or intention of causing it" is Exempt.
• According to the Article 275 No. 1 and 2 of Act No. 3815 of the Philippine revised penal code book two: "Abandonment of person in danger and abandonment of one's own victim."
• 1. Expressed or Verbal Consent - is communicated to you either verbally or in written form.
• 1. Implied Consent - happens when you are unable to communicate with the victim.
• • Abandonment - it means leaving a victim after starting to give help without ensuring someone else will continue the care at the same level or higher.
• • Negligence - means not following accepted standards of care and causing injury to the victim.
• • Breach of Duty - generally, a first aider breaches or breaks his or her duty to a victim by failing to provide the type of care that would be provided by a person having the same or similar training.
• • Written Record - it is a good practice to record in writing the details of any first aid you provide at an incident. This information may become necessary if the incident is brought to court. In the workplace, it is a requirement to record all incidents.
• • Bandage - is a piece of material used either to support a medical such device As a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to or to restrict the movement of a part of the body.
• • Dressing - applied directly on a wound, and a bandage Used to hold the dressing in place.
• • Elastic Bandage - is used to reduce swelling or provide support to a sprained ankle.
• • Tight Bandages - can be used to slow blood flow to an extremity, such as when a leg or arm is bleeding heavily.
• • Three Main Types of Bandages = Roller Bandages

  = Triangular bandages = Tubular Bandages
• • Roller bandages - are the most common type of bandage, they are used primarily for holding dressings against wounds.
• • Triangular Bandages - are amongst the most versatile types of bandaging, usually found in a first aid kit.
• • Tubular Bandages - are perhaps the least versatile of the three conventional bandages.
• • Casualty Lifting - is the first step of the casualty movement, an early aspect of emergency medical care.
• Ankle Pull - is the fastest method for moving a victim a short distance over a smooth surface.
• Shoulder Pull - is preferred to the ankle pull. It supports the head of the victim.
• One person Lift - only works with a child or a very light person.
• Pack-Strap Carry - when injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this method is better for longer distances than the one-person lift.
• Human Crutch/ Two-Person Drag - for the conscious victim, this carry allows the victim to swing their leg using the rescuers as a pair of crutches.
• Blanket Pull - is preferred method for dragging a victim. Place the victim on the blanket by using the "logroll" or the three-person lift.
• Four-Handed Seat - This technique for carrying conscious and alert victims at a moderate distance.
• Three-Person or Stretcher - This technique is lifting a patient into a bed or stretcher of for transporting them short distances.
• Hammock Carry - three or more rescuers get on both sides of the victim. The strongest member is on the side with the fewest rescuers.
• Improvised Stretcher - this technique requires two poles/pipes strong enough to support the victim's weight and at least two shirts.
• Chair Carry - this is a good method for carrying victims up and down stairs or through narrow or uneven areas.
• Two-Handed Seat - this technique is for carrying a victim longer distances. This technique can support an unconscious victim.