ChemLab-MT

• Copper wire dipped in chloroform and heated in flame


  Visual evidence: Produced a green flame. Same test with iodoform also produced a green flame.
• Reagents


  Chloroform (CHCl3), Copper wire
• Chlorine present when organic compounds heated with nitric acid and silver nitrate


  Visual evidence: White precipitate of silver chloride formed when silver nitrate added to slightly acidic solution containing chloride ions. Nitration reaction can occur when organic compounds heated with nitric acid.
• Reagents


  Nitric Acid (HNO3), Silver Nitrate (AgNO3), Organic compound, Water (H2O)
• Sulfur present when organic compound heated with sodium hydroxide and lead acetate


  Visual evidence: Black precipitate of lead(II) sulfide formed.
• Reagents


  Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Lead(II) acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2)
• Nitrogen present when organic compound heated with soda lime

  Visual evidence: Formation of ammonia gas.
• Reagents


  Soda lime (NaOH and CaO), Boric acid receiving solution
• Naphthalene added to petroleum ether

  Visual evidence: Nonpolar naphthalene molecules dissolve in nonpolar petroleum ether due to dispersion forces.
• Reagents


  Naphthalene, Petroleum ether
• Crystals formed on walls of funnel during sublimation


  Visual evidence: Crystals form as solid substance transitions directly from solid to gas phase without passing through liquid phase.
• Reagents


  Not typically used in sublimation process
• Color of solution when activated charcoal added

  Visual evidence: Solution may become clearer or less colored as activated charcoal adsorbs colored impurities.
• Reagents


  Activated charcoal, Colored solution
• Urea and soda lime heated in moderate flame

  Visual evidence: Evolution of ammonia gas, formation of carbon dioxide gas.
• Reagents


  Urea, Soda lime, Heat source
• Bright light produced when immersed in electrical conductivity apparatus

  Visual evidence: Bright light indicates chemical reactions occurring at electrodes during electrolysis.
• Reagents


  Electrodes, Power source, Electrolysis
• Organic compounds used to test for presence of carbon and hydrogen


  Visual evidence: Carbon forms carbon dioxide, hydrogen forms water when organic compound heated/combusted.
• Reagents


  Organic compound, Limewater (calcium hydroxide solution)
• White precipitate formed when carbon dioxide reacts with limewater


  Visual evidence: White precipitate of calcium carbonate forms.
• Reagents


  Limewater, Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Products formed when organic compound heated with cupric oxide

  Visual evidence: Carbon dioxide and water vapor formed from combustion.
• Reagents


  Cupric oxide (CuO), Organic compounds
• Products formed when organic compound heated with soda lime

  Visual evidence: Evolution of ammonia gas, changes in physical state.
• Reagents


  Soda lime (NaOH + CaO), Organic compounds
• Products formed when organic compound heated with copper wire

  Visual evidence: Changes in color, formation of gases, evolution of smoke/fumes, physical changes. Copper oxide formed.
• Reagents


  Organic compound, Heating agent, Copper wire
• Organic compound used to test for presence of sulfur


  Visual evidence: Yellow/orange color formed when carbon disulfide added to sulfur-containing organic compound.
• Reagents


  Sulfur-containing organic compound, Sodium thiosulfate solution, Acid, Carbon disulfide (CS2)
• Char formed in burning organic compounds

  Visual evidence: Formation of black, carbon-rich residue (char) from incomplete combustion. Flame color may change.
• Reagents


  Oxygen (O), Organic compounds
• Element tested in silver nitrate test


  Visual evidence: White, cream, or yellow precipitate forms depending on presence of chloride, bromide, or iodide ions.
• Reagents


  Silver nitrate solution (AgNO3), Solution containing halide ions
• Benzoic Acid = C6 H5 COOH
• Lactic Acid = C3 H6 O3
• Salicylic Acid = HOC6 H4 COOH
• Citric Acid = HOC (CH2 CO2 H )2
• Pentanioc Acid = C5 H10 O2
• Urea = CH4 N2 O