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• Scientific Method- process of establishing facts
• Steps to scientify methods:

  1. Observing- observe
  2. Hypothesizing- develop tentative hypothesis
  3. Validating/Testing- test the hypothesis
  4. Generalizing and Concluding- write a conclusion
• Primary sources- firsthand information
• Secondary sources- provide information from other people
• Interview method- series of questions

  - direct contact with interviewee

  - time sensitive
• Questionnaire method- distributes questionnaire personally or by mail and collects them by the same process
• Registration method- collecting data is governed by existing laws

  - related to government
• Experimental method- cause and effect relationships
• Population- entirety of the group
• Simple random sampling- each member of the population is assigned a number written on an identical piece of paper.

  - lottery sampling
• Systematic sampling- first assigning members to each element of the population
• Stratified sampling- dividing population into strata or groups

  - smallest to largest

  - the bigger the population the bigger the chance
• Cluster sampling- AKA Area sampling

  - populations are grouped into areas, and then sample areas are selected by random sampling
• Non probability sampling- not every member of the population has equal chance
• Convinience sampling- used for the comfort of the researchers

  - AKA accidental, opportunity or grab sampling
• Purposive sampling- chosen according to characteristics of interest.

  - chosen based on the study
• Quota sampling- chosen from the population such that the resulting sample has the same proportion as the entire population in relevant characteristics
• Mean- summation
• Median- middle value
• Mode- most frequent value
• Range- difference between highest and lowest
• Standard deviation- square root of the average of the squared deviations of each element from the mean.
• Variance- square of the standard deviation