CHAP 11 DEVPSYCH

• Adolescence


  transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes
• Puberty


  Process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce
• Primary sex characteristics


  organs directly related to reproduction which enlarge and mature during adolescence.
• Secondary sex characteristics


  physiological signs of sexual maturation (such as breast development and growth of body hair) that do not involve the sex organs.
• Adolescent growth spurt


  Sharp increase in height and weight that precedes sexual maturity.
• Spermarche


  Boy's first ejaculation
• Menarche


  Girl's first menstruation
• Secular trend


  trends that can be seen only by observing several generations, such as, the trend toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity, which began a century ago in some countries.
• Body image


  descriptive evaluative beliefs about one's appearance
• Anorexia nervosa


  Eating disorder characterized by self-starvation.
• Bulimia nervosa


  Eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise.
• Binge eating disorder


  Eating disorder in which a person loses control over eating and binges huge quantities of food
• Binge drinking


  Consuming 5 or more drinks (for men) and 4 or more drinks (for women) on one occasion.
• Formal operations


  Piaget's final stage of cognitive development characterized by the ability to think abstractly.
• Hypothetical-deductive reasoning


  Ability believed by Piaget, to accompany the stage of formal operations to develop, consider, and test hypotheses.
• Preconventional morality


  First level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which control is external and rules are obeyed in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment or out of self-interest.
• Conventional morality


  also known as morality of conventional role conformity, it is the second level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which standards of authority figures are internalized.
• Postconventional morality


  Also known as the morality of autonomous moral principles. It is the third level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which people follow internally held moral principles and can decide among conflicting moral standards.
• Orientation toward punishment and obedience


  Stage 1, child obey rules to avoid punishment.
• Instrumental purpose and exchange


  Stage 2, children conform to rules out of self-interest and consideration for what others can do for them
• Maintaining mutual relations, approval of others, the golden rule


  Stage 3, children want to please and help others, can judge the intentions of others, and develop there own ideas of what a good person is.
• Social concern and conscience


  Stage 4, people are concerned with doing their duty, showing respect for higher authority, and maintaining the social order.
• Morality of contract, of individual rights, and of democratically accepted law.


  Stage 5, people think in rational terms, valuing the will of the majority and the welfare of society.
• Morality of universal ethical principles


  Stage 6, people do what they as individuals think is right, regardless of legal restrictions or the opinions of others.
• Influences on School Achievement

  • Home
  • School
  • Neighborhood
  • Women's and men's roles
  • Culture