MATH 4TH Q

• a well defined collection of objects

  sets
• a set with no elements

  empty/null set
• method of describing a set by listing each element of the set inside

  roster notation or listing method
• symbol we use to indicate that there are elements in the set that are not written down


  ellipsis
• method of describing a set in words

  verbal description method
• method of describing a set that lists the rules that determine whether an object is an element of a set rather than the actual elements


  Set builder notation
• is the number of elements in a set

  cardinal number/cardinality
• two sets that contain exactly the same number of elements

  equivalent sets
• two sets that contain exactly the same elements

  equal sets
• Set A elements are in set B, but atleast 1 element in B is not included

  Proper subset
• is the set of all elements in A and B, addition of sets

  Union
• is the set containing the elements that are both in A and B, listing only the common elements 


  intersection
• is the set of elements in A that are not in B

  difference
• set of elements in the universal set that are not in A

  complement
• is used in showing relationship between sets

  venn diagram
• are all numbers on the continuous number line with no gaps

  real numbers
• also called as “counting numbers”


  Natural numbers
• these numbers are formed by adding 0 to the set of natural numbers

  Whole numbers
• formed by adding the negatives of N to the set of W


  integers
• stops at one point

  terminating
• the sum/product of two real numbers is a real number


  closure property
• two real numbers can be added in any order

  commutative property of addition
• if three real numbers are added/multiplied, it makes no difference which two are added/multiplied first

  Associative property
• multiplication distributes over addition/multiplication


  Distributive property
• any number added to the identity element 0 will remain unchanged


  identity property of addition
• any number multiplied by the identity element 1 will remain unchanged 


  identity property of multiplication
• the sum of a number and its additive opposite is the inverse element 0, a and -a are additive inverses


  inverse property of addition
• the product of a number and its multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) is the identity element 1, a and 1/a are multiplicative inverses


  inverse property of multiplication
• It is the distance from the tip of the little finger to the tip of the thumb of an oustretched hand.

  span
• It is the distance across the base of the four fingers that form the palm.

  palm
• It is the thickness or width of the index finger.

  digit
• The distance from the tip of the middle finger of the outstretched hand to the front of the elbow.

  cubit
• The distance of one full step

  pace
• It is the physical measurement of the length from one end of an individual's arms (measured at the fingertips) to the other when raised parallel to the ground.

  arm span
• The branch of mathematics that involves expressions with variables.

  Algebra
• Combination of numbers and variables (letters) with ordinary operations of arithmetic

  algebraic expressions
• The idea of variable is believed to have been developed by

  Francois Viete
• A single number, a letter, or a product of several numbers or letters


  algebraic term
• Refers to as an algebraic expression that represents a sum of one or more terms containing whole number exponents on the variables.

  polynomials
• is a polynomial with one term

  monomial