Lesson 5: Political Globalization

• Political globalization


  Refers to the intensification and expansion of political interrelationships across the globe
• Political system


  Includes the different key players of political globalization: states, institutions of global governance, international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), social movement organizations
• Key players of political globalization

  • States
  • Institutions of global governance
  • International non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
  • Social movement organizations
• Elements of a state

  • People
  • Territory
  • Government
  • Sovereignty
• Institutions of global governance

  • World Bank
  • International Monetary Fund
  • World Trade Organization (WTO)
• Global governance


  Governance that encompasses the totality of institutions, policies, norms, procedures and initiatives through which states and their citizens bring more predictability, stability and order to their responses to transnational challenges
• Non-government organization (NGO)


  Organizations independent from the government, meaning no funds from the government
• International NGO


  Same mission as an NGO, but has outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many countries
• Social movement organizations


  A specific social movement that is usually composed of many social movement organizations - formal organizations that share the movement's goals. Unlike previous key players, this is an informal organization with no by-laws, no list of members, hierarchy, so anyone can join as long as you have the same beliefs.
• The creation and existence of the United Nations has been called one of the classic examples of political globalization
• United Nations


  The international body composed of the family of nations. Not all nations are part of the UN, they have certain qualifications to be a member. Other countries are not considered peace loving that's why they didn't become part of the UN like North Korea.
• The United Nations currently has 193 member states
• Purpose of the United Nations

  • To maintain international peace and security
  • To develop friendly relations among nations
  • To achieve international cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems
  • To promote respect for human rights
  • To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations towards those common goals
• Principal organs of the United Nations

  • General Assembly
  • Security Council
  • Economic and Social Council
  • International Court of Justice
• General Assembly


  The central organ of the UN, the principal deliberative body of the organization. It deliberates on issues such as membership and budget. All member-states are part of the General Assembly.
• Security Council


  An organ of the UN primarily responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security. Composed of 15 states: 5 permanent (France, USA, China, Russian Federation, United Kingdom) and 10 selected by the General Assembly for 2-year terms.
• Economic and Social Council

  An organ of the UN primarily responsible for the deliberation of economic and social issues. Composed of 54 states with a 3-year term.
• International Court of Justice


  A judicial organ of the UN primarily responsible for the promotion of justice. Only states can bring cases before this court. Aside from settling disputes submitted by states, ICJ also gives advisory opinions on legal issues.

  
• International Criminal Court (ICC)


  The ICC was created on 1 July 2002. It investigates and punishes people for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. It can investigate crimes committed in member countries, by people from member countries, or crimes the UN Security Council wants the ICC to investigate.

  
• On March 17, 2019, the Philippines officially withdrew from the International Criminal Court, after the Supreme Court declined to overrule President Rodrigo Duterte's decision to leave the world's only permanent war crimes tribunal.
• Global citizenship


  The idea that all people have rights and civic responsibilities that come with being a member of the world, with whole-world philosophy and sensibilities, rather than as a citizen of a particular nation or place. One's identity transcends geography or political borders and responsibilities/rights are derived from membership in the global community.
• Global civics


  Proposes to understand civics (the way people behave which affects others) in a global sense as a social contract among all world citizens in an age of interdependence and interaction. The notion that we have certain rights and responsibilities towards each other by the mere fact of being human on Earth.
• Transnationalism


  Refers to the diffusion and extension of social, political, economic processes in between and beyond the sovereign jurisdictional boundaries of nation-states. Focuses not only on state-actors, but also on non-state actors such as International NGOs, Institutions of Global Governance, and Social Movement Organizations.
• Transnationalism citizenship


  Redefines traditional notions of citizenship and replaces an individual's singular national loyalties with the ability to belong to multiple nation states, as made visible in the political, cultural, social and economic realms.
• Anonymous is a decentralized international activist/hacktivist collective/movement that is widely known for its various cyberattacks against several governments, government institutions and government agencies, corporations, and the Church of Scientology. Anonymous originated in 2003 on 4chan.
• A pact was formed between netizens from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Thailand in order to peg back Beijing's bullies on the platform.
• Clashing perspectives on political globalization vs nation-state

  • Hyper globalists: Globalization has engulfed today's world in such a way that state boundaries are beginning to lose significance
  • Skeptics: Nation-state remains the supreme actor in international relations
• Global Citizenship - The idea is that one’s identity transcends geography or political borders and that responsibilities or rights are derived from membership in a broader class: "humanity".