UTS 5

• Physical Self


  Refers to the concrete dimensions of the body, it is the tangible aspect of the person which can be directly observed and examined
• The body is not merely an object in the world but we also the vehicle for our expression in the world
• We experience life through our bodies and senses, allowing us to interpret the world around us
• The body is the sight for the articulation of all our identifications of gender, class, sexuality, race, ethnicity and religion
• Physical Characteristics


  Defining traits or features of the person's body
• Physical Characteristics


  • Facial Features
  • Hairstyle
  • Clothes
  • Figure
• Types of Body


  • ECTOMORPH
  • MESOMORPH
  • ENDOMORPH
• ECTOMORPH


  • Narrow hips and clavicles
  • Small joints (wrist/ankles)
  • Thin build
  • Stringy muscle bellies
  • Long limbs
• MESOMORPH


  • Wide clavicles
  • Narrow waist
  • Thinner joints
  • Long and round muscle bellies
• ENDOMORPH


  • Blocky
  • Thick rib cage
  • Wide/thicker joints
  • Hips as wide (or wider) than clavicles
  • Shorter limbs
• Erik Erikson believed in the importance of the body from early development because the physical as well as intellectual skills will somehow serve as a basis to whether a person has achieved a sense of competence and be able to manage and face the demands of life complexities
• William James considered the body as the initial source of sensation and necessary for the origin and maintenance of the personality
• Puberty


  The time in life when you begin to become an adult. This means a lot of changing and growing – both inside and out
• Periods of Adolescence

  • Early Adolescence (11-14)
  • Middle Adolescence (15-17)
  • Late Adolescence (18-21)
• Puberty


  Starts because of sex hormones (chemicals in our bodies that send messages about our development)
• Male Physiology


  • Puberty in male is triggered by an increase of pituitary hormones (a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, produces a number of hormones. Each of these hormones affects a specific part of the body (a target organ or tissue))
  • An increase in the production of testosterone causes secondary sex characteristics to develop
  • The production of the sperm begins
  • Wet dreams and spontaneous erections of the penis are normal part of adolescence and a sign that a young man's reproductive system is beginning to mature
• Changes in Boys


  • Penis & testes size (or willy & balls)
  • Body & facial hair
  • Pubic hair (the hair around our sex organs)
  • Body shape
  • Voice change (or voice breaking)
  • Body odor (our smell) & acne (spots)
• Female Physiology


  • An increase in the hormone estrogen causes secondary sex characteristics
  • Eggs in the ovaries begin to mature and are released during ovulation, usually at the rate of one per cycle, the menstruation occurs as a result of ovulation but only if no ovum is fertilized
  • The ovaries are the organs that produce eggs, which may fertilize by the sperm. The endometrium is the mucus membrane that lines the inside wall of the uterus. The lining is prepared each cycle to provide a kind of "nest of tissue" in which the fertilized – the new human life – will implant in order to develop. If the egg is not fertilized, the endometrium degenerates and is shed as a menstrual bleeding at the end of the cycle
  • The passageways by which eggs travel from the ovary to the uterus are the Fallopian tubes. The eggs grows in the ovary, surrounded by a group of cells called a follicle. At the start of each cycle, the brain tells the follicle to begin to mature. As the follicle matures, it sends a signal to the cervix to start producing the mucus. At the height of the process, the ripe egg bursts out of the follicle. This is ovulation
  • If there has been an act of intercourse between husband and the wife, fertilization of the egg by the sperm will take place in the outer part of the Fallopian tube. The time in which the egg can be fertilized is very short. If it does not meet with the sperm during this time, it degenerates within 24 hours
• Changes in Girls


  • Breast development
  • Body hair (e.g. on our legs, arms, underarms) & pubic hair (the hair around our sex organs)
  • Menstruation (a monthly bleed or period)
  • Body shape
  • Body odor (our smell) & acne (spots)
• Differences among Boys


  • Penis & testes: All look different and vary in size and shape
  • Body & facial hair: Some men have lots of facial hair, while others have very little. Not all men develop chest hair
  • Pubic hair: Like the hair on our head, pubic hair varies in colour and thickness
  • Body shape & muscle: Growth spurts happen to different boys at different times and in different ways; people are all different shapes and sizes. One side of the body might develop faster than the other
  • Voice change: Happens to different boys at different times and in different ways; everybody sounds different
  • Body odour & acne: Both result from an increase in hormone levels and affect everyone differently
• Differences among Girls


  • Breast development: Breasts are all different shapes and sizes
  • Body hair & pubic hair: As with boys the colour and thickness of body hair and pubic hair varies between girls
  • Menstruation (a monthly bleed or 'period'): Girls can start their period within a big range of ages; it could be at age 8, or it could be at 16. No two girls' periods are exactly alike, some last 2 days, others a week
  • Body shape: Hip size varies between girls, as does overall size and shape
  • Body odor & acne: Just like boys, odor and acne result from an increase in hormone levels and affect everyone differently
• Our attraction to another person's body increases if that body is symmetrical and in proportion. If a face is in proportion, we are more likely to notice it and find it beautiful. We perceive proportional bodies to be more healthy and more beautiful
• Standards of beauty and appearance are tied to how one will perceive him/herself and the levels of conforming will determine one's high or low self-esteem
• Human Body Ratios

  • "Once around the waist, twice around the neck"
  • "Once around the neck, twice around the wrist"
  • Nose length is equivalent to first two digits of index/pointer finger
  • Total height is equivalent to 7 to 7.5 heads tall
  • Head is approximately four to five eyes wide
  • Length of face is equal to length of hand
  • Eyes are separated by one eye's width
  • Bottom of nose to outside corner of eye is equal to length of ear
  • Length of foot is equal to length of forearm
  • Waist to neck ratio is 1 to 2 (waist is twice the circumference of the neck)
  • Neck to wrist ratio is 1 to 2 (neck is twice the circumference of the wrist)
• Body Image


  Refers to the way one sees himself/herself or the way he/she imagines how he/she looks. How they see themselves can either be positive or negative
• Self Esteem


  The overall sense of self-worth or personal value. How you appreciate and like yourself. Often seen as a personality trait which tends to be stable and enduring. It involves a variety of beliefs about yourself: appraisal of appearance, beliefs, emotions and behaviors. Self-esteem is also significant in one's motivation and success throughout life
• Beauty


  The quality of being physically attractive or the qualities in a person or a thing that give pleasure to the senses or to the mind
• Eurocentrism


  A tendency to interpret the world in terms of European or Anglo-American values and experiences