Biology - Module 1

Cards (16)

  • Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life
  • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; their genetic information is found in the nucleoid. They lack membrane-bound organelles and are generally smaller in size and simpler in structure. They are unicellular. E,g. Bacteria, Archaea
  • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and a cell membrane. They are generally larger in size and more complex in structure. It can exist as unicellular or multicellular. E,g. Algae, Yeast, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
  • Endosymbiotic Theory: Suggests eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells
  • Endosymbiosis: A type of symbiosis in which one organism lives in the other
  • Mitochondria and Chloroplast contain DNA
  • Technology to determine cell structure
    Light microscope, Fluorescent microscope, Electron microscopes (TEM and SEM), Computer enhanced technology, Stains and dyes
  • Resolution: Ability of the microscope to distinguish between two closely spaced objects
  • Magnification: Increase in size, typically expressed as a ratio
  • Light Microscope
    Uses light and lenses to magnify specimens, suitable for observing living and non-living specimens
  • Fluorescent Microscope
    Uses ultraviolet light to excite fluorescent molecules in specimens, can visualise specific structures or molecules labelled with fluorescent dyes and offers higher resolution and sensitivity
  • Electron Microscope
    Uses electron beams and electromagnets to magnify specimens, cannot view living specimens, two main types: SEM and TEM
  • Transition Electron Microscopes (TEM)

    Produces detailed, two-dimensional images of internal structures, electrons are transmitted through the specimens
  • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

    Produces detailed, three-dimensional images of specimen surfaces, bombards the surface of a specimen with a beam of electrons, very detailed images but cannot give internal details
  • Cellular Respiration

    Responsible for the production of ATP, carried out by cells, inside the mitochondria
  • Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy