Plant Reproduction and Development

Cards (62)

  • Chlamydonas producing gametes or spirogyra undergoing conjugation as example. Similar or identical in size, structure.
    Isogamy
  • Fertilization - fusion of two haploid cells to form diploid zygote
  • Animal sperm and egg as example, dissimilar in size and structure. What type of union of gametes is it?
    Heterogamy
  • Bisexual reproduction involves fusion of gametes from 2 different individuals.
  • Hermaphrodites are organisms that have both male and female reproductive organs. Usually invertebrates.
  • Sporogenesis - formation of spores by mitosis
  • Haplontic Life cycle- haploid stage (gametophyte) is dominant, multicellular and the only diploid stage is the fertilized egg cell.
  • Haplodiplontic life cycle- includes multicellular diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophytes) generations.
  • Mitotic division produces genetically identical cells.
  • The process of pollination is when pollen grains are transferred to the stigma of another flower or plant.
  • Meiosis produces genetically diverse cells with half the number of chromosomes as parental cells.
  • Fertilization results in zygote formation.
  • Gamete production occurs through meiosis.
  • Self-fertilization occurs when pollen from one flower reaches the ovules of the same flower.
  • Fertilization occurs when sperm from anther fuses with eggs in ovules inside the pistil.
  • Asexual reproduction occurs without sexual intercourse, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to their parent(s).
  • Sexual reproduction involves two parents contributing genetic material through gametes.
  • Diplontic life cycle- the diploid stage is dominant, multicellular and the haploid stage is represented by the single-celled gametes.
  • In plants, the gametophyte generation produces gametes (eggs and sperms) which fertilize to form zygotes.
  • The sporophyte generation produces spores which develop into gametophytes.
  • Flower- a reproductive shoots that usually composed of four parts- sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
  • Sepal- modified leaves at the base of flower that protect buds from damage.
  • Stamen- male sex organ consisting of anther with microspore mother cells and filament.
  • Petal- brightly colored structures that attract pollinators.
  • Anther- saclike structure containing pollen grains
  • Carpel- female organ that contains ovules or egg cells.
  • Filament- stalk supporting the anther
  • Pollen grain- male gamete produced by the anther
  • Receptacle (Torus)- usually shortened, conical or disk shaped at the upper end of the stalk of the flower.
  • Ovary- lower part of the carpel which houses the ovule(s)
  • Stigma- sticky surface where pollen is deposited
  • Style- elongated tube connecting stigma to ovary
  • Calyx, coralla, and receptacle are accessory organs.
  • Stamen and pistil are essential organs.
  • Calyx- outermost green leaf like structure
    Sepal- lobe of calyx
  • Gamosepalous- sepals are united forming a tube.
  • Polysepalous- sepals are free from one another
  • Corolla- inside the calyx, bright colored delicate petals
  • Gamopetalous- petals are united forming a corolla tube
  • Polypetalous- free from one another (petals)