Solutions and Solubility

• solvent - the liquid in which a solute is dissolved
• solute - the solid that is dissolved in the solvent
• solution - the mixture of solvent and solute
• saturated solution - a solution that is so full of solute that no more solute can dissolve in it
• Diffusion of Gases:

  • Bromine can be used to demonstrate diffusion
  • A jar is half filled with Br2 gas. The other half is filled with air (a piece of plastic separates the two halves)
  • When the plate is removed, Br2 gas diffuses into the air
  • the particles moves randomly, the Br2 will eventually be evenly distributed through the air
  • making the color of the bromine to appear weaker/paler
• Dilution of Solids:

  • this can be demonstrated using potassium permanganate (KMn04 (bright purple))
  • If KMn04 is placed in a beaker of water, it will diffuse until is it evenly spread out
  • if you were to add more water to the solution it will appear to be less/light purple
  • this is because there's fewer KMn04 particles compared to the number of water particles - this is called DILUTION
• Diffusion - the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration