Lesson 6 Part 1: Cultural Globalization

• Cultural globalization


  Transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations
• Cultural globalization


  • Creation and expansion of social relations is not merely observed on a material level
  • Involves the formation of shared norms and knowledge with which people associate their individual and collective cultural identities
• Cultural globalization brings increasing interconnectedness among different populations and cultures
• With cultural globalization, there is a sense of oneness in culture and cultural identity because culture migrates from one locality to another
• Cultural globalization in the Philippines


  • Local culture + culture transmitted from other countries
  • Filipinos associated with being hardworking like a Karabao
  • Filipinos associated with Manny Pacquiao, Chariz
• Phases of cultural globalization

  • Pre-modern phase
  • Modern phase
  • Contemporary phase (1945-present)
• Pre-modern phase


  • Early human migration
  • Emergence of world religions
  • Development of trans-regional trade networks (Silk Road)
• The Silk Road promoted not only commodity exchange but also cultural exchange, such as the spread of Buddhism from India to China
• Trade relations in the Silk Road resulted in the expansion of Islam to the Indian Subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia including the Philippines
• Modern phase


  • European imperialism and spread of Christianity
  • Industrialization
  • Emerging international economy
  • International migration
  • Development of freedom movements
  • Rise of nation-states
• The "thickening" of trade relations during the modern phase paved the way for industrialization, which later influenced the emergence of the international economy, international migration, and the development of freedom movements and nation-states
• Contemporary phase (1945-present)


  • Slow but steady increase in cultural flows with the immigration of peoples, ideas, goods, symbols, and images
  • Developments in transport and transport infrastructures such as jet airlines, construction of road and rail networks
  • Transmission of ideas around the world through the Internet, popular culture media, and international travel
• Global village


  The phenomenon of the entire world becoming more interconnected as the result of the propagation of media technologies throughout the world
• The term "globalization" became popular in the 1980s
• Cultural imperialism


  The cultural aspects of imperialism, involving the creation and maintenance of unequal relationships between civilizations, favoring the more powerful civilization
• Cultural imperialism


  • Fast food and beverage brands like McDonald's, Coca-Cola, and Starbucks bringing the "American way of living" to other nations and traditions
• Cultural hegemony


  The domination or rule maintained through ideological or cultural means, usually achieved through social institutions that allow those in power to strongly influence the values, norms, ideas, expectations, worldview, and behavior of the rest of society
• Cultural hegemony in the Philippines


  • Advertisements promoting whitening products as the standard of beauty
• Other effects of globalization on culture

  • Changes in language, clothing, the way we eat, and the way we communicate
  • Introduction of new products, religions, values, and traditions
• Ethnocentrism


  The idea that one's own culture is the main standard by which other cultures may be measured, often leading to pride, vanity, belief in one's own group's superiority, and contempt of outsiders
• Ethnocentrism


  • Filipinos finding the Japanese practice of Yaeba (multi-layered teeth) absurd, while Americans finding Filipinas' use of whitening products absurd
• Cultural relativism


  The idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another, often leading to tolerance, understanding, and acceptance
• Cultural relativism


  • Yaeba (multi-layered teeth) being considered beautiful in Japan
  • Fairer skin being considered more beautiful in the Philippines

  
• CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION - Refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.
• GLOBAL VILLAGE - describes the phenomenon of the entire world becoming more interconnected as the result of the propagation of media technologies throughout the world
• Since mass media began, it has called for the westernization of the world, hence the global village. Without the mass media in effect, other countries wouldn't be having the knowledge of what the acquisitions of the other nations of the world constitute.
• CULTURAL HEGEMONY - The domination or rule maintained through ideological or cultural means.