Lesson 6 Part 2: Cultural Globalization

• Cultural Globalization


  Helped in the establishment of Feminism, but it also contributes to the oppression of women (worse, oppression of women by women)
• Feminism


  A wide range of theories and movements that aims to establish rights for women
• Feminism


  The belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes
• Gender Equality


  The state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decisionmaking; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally, regardless of gender
• Gender Equality


  The freedom to develop personal abilities and make choices without the limitations set by stereotypes, rigid gender roles and prejudices
• Gender Equality


  The goal, while gender neutrality and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking that help in achieving the goal
• Gender Neutrality


  Describes the idea that policies, language, and other social institutions should avoid distinguishing roles according to people's sex or gender, in order to avoid discrimination arising from the impression that there are social roles for which one gender is more suited than another
• Gender Equity


  Fairness of treatment for women and men, according to their respective needs
• Gender Equity


  • You give them rice based on how hungry they are not with stereotypes like mas marami kumain ang boys
  • Women are always prioritized
• Gender Inequality


  Occurs when, from the organization of society, men and women are not only situated differently, but also unequally
• Biological Explanation


  The difference between men and women is hormonally determined
• Institutional Explanation


  Gender roles provide differences between men and women, division of labor is seen as a major determinant of difference
• Cultural Feminism


  Women's social life is different as compared to men, and this is due to culture which dictates gender roles
• Cultural Feminism


  • The color Blue is for a boy, while the color Pink is for a girl
  • Sports are for men
  • Men brings food to the table, while women are in-charge of child-rearing
• Liberal Feminism


  Gender inequality results from the patriarchal and sexist division of labor
• Liberal Feminism


  • Soldiers must be men; Secretaries must be women
• Liberal Feminism


  Inequality is not natural; all human beings have certain essential features which can be secured through legal recognition of universal rights, and through state intervention
• Liberal Feminism


  • Magna Carta OF women
  • State policies that prohibit discrimination in employment based on gender: you cannot reject an applicant by reason of gender alone
• Marxist Feminism


  Emerged due to a dissatisfaction with the lack of gender analysis in classic Marxist theory, which was deemed 'sex-blind'
• Marxist Feminism


  • Woman's role within the family actually maintains capitalism by providing it with the human relations it cannot provide in the world of men's work
  • If women did enter the wage-earning sphere of work, they still maintained the housekeeping role as well, and so were left with a 'double load'
• Radical Feminism


  Women are oppressed everywhere since institutions are created for men to dominate women
• Radical Feminism


  • Rape, sexual abuse, incest, female infanticide, Chinese foot binding
• Radical Feminism


  Women will work with other women to establish sisterhood which can be used for confrontation with patriarchal domination when encountered
• Radical Feminism

  • LESBIAN FEMINISM believes that love for a fellow woman is a form of resistance to patriarchal domination
• Intersectionality Theory


  Although women are oppressed on the basis of gender, variations in the intensities of oppression are furthered by age, class, and race which all qualitatively alter the experiences of women
• First World Feminism vs Third World Feminism

  First-world feminism is a form of oppression because of the savior complex that accompanies western feminists, while helping women in developing countries
• First World Feminism vs Third World Feminism

  Western feminist tend to have their own perspective of how "Third World" women are being oppressed, which is detrimental when it comes to formulating solutions to help "Third World" women
• First World Feminism vs Third World Feminism

  Since a majority of feminist are white women, this creates a large lack of global perspective in the feminist movement
• First World Feminism vs Third World Feminism


  • Third world women are automatically generalized by 1st world feminists as: instead of religious, "not progressive"; instead of family-oriented, "traditional"; illiterate and/or "ignorant"; domestic and/or "backwards"
• First World Feminism vs Third World Feminism

  This creates a power struggle and patriarchal binary in which the First World women take on the role of the oppressing male, and the Third World women are the oppressed who are in need of saving
• 1st World vs 3rd World Feminism - On one hand, it gives people more options and spreads what some would call good value
• 1st Word vs 3rd World Feminism - On the other, it can lead to cultural imperialism and the spread of dominant cultures, diminishing the unique cultural practices in various countries and thereby reducing the amount of cultural diversity that exists in the world
• Thomas Friedman - Now that we've entered Globalization 3.0, and it is shrinking the world from size small to size tiny
• POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS to 1st World vs 3rd World Feminism : 1) Do not decide what’s best for 3rd World women without first understanding their history, culture, values and traditions. 2) Do not hold 3rd World women to western standards. 3) Move away from cultural globalization that converts 3rd World ways to Western beliefs. 4) Though some Western feminist work has been beneficial to Third World women, do not generalize that they are all victims who are in need of saving
• CULTURAL FEMINISM - Women’s social life is different as compared to men, and this is due to culture which dictates gender roles – the difference between men and women.
• Explanatory Theories - Biological explanation and institutional explanation