LESSON 6: Colligative Properties

• Non-electrolyte


  A solute that does not dissociate or separate into ions during dissolving process.
• Electrolytes


  A solute that completely dissociates or separates
• Van't Hoff factor


  the ratio of the concentration of particles formed when a substance in dissolved to the concentration of the substance by mass. denoted by the symbol "i"
• Nonelectrolytes, the van't hoff factor is 1.
• Colligative property


  a property of a solution that is dependent on the ratio between the total number of solute particles (in the solution) to the total number of solvent particles.
• Electrolytes provide more solutes to the solution via dissociation, hence the colligative properties are gonna change.
• Nonelectrolytes provide low solute to the solution since there is no dissociation, hence the colligative properties are not gonna change.
• the effect of electrolytes on colligative properties is very high compared to nonelectrolytes.
• Strong Electrolytes fully dissociate in water while Non-Electrolytes do not dissociate in water.
• Boiling Point Elevation


  Boiling points of solutions are higher than that of the pure solvent.

  Example: Cooking
• Freezing Point Depression


  Lower than that of the pure solvent and is directly proportional to the molality of the solute.
• Vapor Pressure Lowering


  It is always lower than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
• Osmotic Pressure


  The diffusion of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane.
• Isotonic


  If two solutes are of equal concentration, they have the same osmotic pressure.
• Hypertonic


  More concentrated solution for unequal osmotic pressure.
• Hypotonic


  The more dilute solution for unequal osmotic pressure.