Review 2

• Hydrometeorological hazards


  Natural disasters or extreme weather events that are caused by the interaction of meteorological (weather) and hydrological (water) factors
• Hydrometeorological hazards


  • Typhoon
  • Thunderstorm
  • Flood
  • Flashflood
  • Storm Surge
  • El Niño
  • La Niña
• Tropical cyclone


  An intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain
• Weather forecast


  A scientific estimate of future weather condition, wherein a weather condition is a state of the atmosphere at a given time expressed in terms of the most significant variables
• In the Philippines, cloudiness, rainfall and wind are the weather parameters with significant variation, and therefore of interest to the forecast users
• Weather forecasting


  1. Observation

  2. Collection and Transmission of Weather Data

  3. Plotting of Weather Data

  4. Analysis of Weather Maps, Satellite and Radar Imageries and Other Data

  5. Formulation of the Forecast
• Weather map


  Displays the air pressure, wind, temperature, and humidity distribution trends at various atmospheric rates
• Weather map


  • Surface map
  • Upper-air maps
• Thunderstorm


  A powerful, short-lived weather disturbance, almost always associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and fast, roaring winds
• Thunderstorm forms through 3 stages

  1. Cumulus Stage

  2. Mature Stage

  3. Dissipating Stage
• Flood


  A high-water stage in which water overflows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land, such as a river inundating its floodplain
• Storm surge


  The irregular sea-level rise during tropical cyclone or "bagyo" that occurs when the tropical cyclone reaches the coast, where powerful winds force the ocean water over the coastal low-lying areas, which can lead to flooding
• El Niño


  The large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific
• La Niña


  Periods of below-average sea surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific, where global climate impacts tend to be opposite those of El Niño
• Cooking safety


  Cooking is the #1 cause of home fires, and unattended cooking is the top contributing factor
• Cigarettes


  The leading causes of fire deaths in city, state, and national level, mostly due to improper disposal of cigarette butts that are still lit
• Electrical safety


  Electrical problem is one of the causes of structure fires and fire deaths, caused by faulty wiring and faulty equipment or appliances
• Candle safety


  Candles are the most popular source of light during brown out or power outage
• Fire safety signs


  Color coded for easier identification and determination which is mandatory and which should be avoided
• Fire exit signs


  • Green and white color combination, showing a rapidly walking man and an arrow or just 'fire exit' text in lower case letters
• Blue fire safety signs


  Used to indicate a mandatory action or a must do action
• Red fire safety signs


  Used to indicate prohibition or the location of fire equipment and supplementary information
• Tropical cyclone- also called typhoon or hurricane, an int ense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain.
• Tropical cyclone-characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain.
• WEATHER FORECAST - is a scientific estimate of future weather condition, wherein a weather condition is a state of the atmosphere at a given time expressed in terms of the most significant variables. In the Phil
• Thunderstorm- This is a powerful, short-lived weather disturbance, almost always associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and fast, roaring winds.
• Thunderstorms - occur when layers of dry, moist air rise to cooler regions of the atmosphere in a broad, rapid updraft.
• Thunderstorms forms through three stages

  •CUMULUS STAGE •MATURE STAGE •DISSIPATING STAGE
• Cumulus Stage - where the sun heats the Earth's surface during the day and warms the air around it.
• Mature stage - A cumulus cloud becomes very large, where the water therein becomes large and heavy, and raindrops begin to fall through the cloud when the rising air can no longer hold them u
• Dissipating stage - The dissipation of a storm occurs as the upper part of the cloud begins to break apart due to the loss of heat energy from the top of the cloud. As this happens, the lower parts of the cloud are pulled downward by gravity, forming an anvil shape on the top of the cloud. At this point, the storm has lost its upward momentum and will soon end.
• Typhoon/Hurricane - A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 178 km/h (110 mph) or higher. Typhoons form in the western Pacific Ocean; hurricanes form in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean.
• Tropical Cyclone – It is a rotating system of clouds that originates over tropical or subtropical waters with organized deep convection and a closed wind circulation about a well-defined center, or low pressure area. Tropical cyclones have strong winds and may be accompanied by heavy rains and thunderstorms. They include tropical depressions, tropical storms (or typhoons), hurricanes, and severe tropical cyclones (typhoon).
• Flood - is a high-water stage in which water overflows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land, such as a river inundating its floodplain. The effects of floods on human well-being range from unqualified blessings to catastrophes.
• Inland flooding


  The technical name for ordinary flooding that occurs in inland areas, hundreds of miles from the coast
• Flash floods


  • Caused by heavy rain or the sudden release of water over a short period of time
  • Fast occurrence
  • Raging torrents of water that move with great speed
  • Caused by heavy precipitation in a short period of time, usually less than 6 hours
• River flooding


  Occurs when water levels in rivers, lakes, and streams rise and overflow onto the surrounding banks, shores, and neighboring land
• Coastal flooding


  The inundation of land areas along the coast by seawater
• Urban flooding


  Occurs when there is a lack of drainage in an urban (city) area
• Storm surge - or "Daluyong ng Bagyo" in the Philippine system where the irregular sea-level rise during tropical cyclone or "bagyo" occurs. When the tropical cyclone reaches the coast, powerful winds force the ocean water over the coastal low-lying areas, which can lead to flooding.