Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Cards (27)

  • Three Domains of Organisms

    Bacteria
    Archaea
    Eukarya
  • Bacteria and Archaea
    ▪ are prokaryotes, single-celled
    microorganisms with no nuclei
    (sing. nucleus)
  • Eukarya
    ▪ all organisms whose cells have
    nuclei to enclose their DNA apart
    from the rest of the cell
  • Bacteria and Archaea
    ▪ mostly are unicellular organisms
  • Eukarya
    ▪ include both unicellular and
    multicellular organisms
  • Bacteria and Archaea
    ➢ lack organelles or other internal
    membrane-bound structures
  • Eukarya
    ➢ made up of cells that possess a
    membrane-bound nucleus that
    holds genetic material as well as
    membrane-bound organelles
  • Bacteria and Archaea
    ➢ generally have a single circular
    chromosome– a piece of circular,
    double-stranded DNA located in an
    area of the cell called the nucleoid
  • Eukarya
    ➢ have multiple, linear
    chromosomes.
  • Bacteria and Archaea
    ➢ reproduce through fission
    Fission- a process where an
    individual cell reproduces its single
    chromosome and splits in two.
  • Eukarya
    ➢reproduce through the process
    of mitosis and meiosis
  • Almost all prokaryotes have a cell
    wall, a protective structure that
    allows them to survive in extreme
    conditions
  • Bacterial cell walls are composed
    of peptidoglycan, a complex of
    protein and sugars
  • Archaeal cell walls are composed
    of polysaccharides (sugars)
  • Only some eukaryotes have a
    cell wall such as plants and
    fungi
  • eukaryotic cell walls found in
    plants are made up of
    cellulose, cell walls of fungi
    and insects are made up of
    chitin
  • Photoautotroph- Inorganic Carbon and gets energy from light
  • Chemoautotroph- Inorganic carbon and gets energy from chemical oxidation
  • Photoheterotroph: Organic carbon and gets energy from light
  • Chemoheterotroph- Organic carbon and gets energy from chemical oxidation
  • Phototrophs (phototrophic organisms) obtain their energy from sunlight
  • Chemotrophs (chemosynthetic organisms) obtain their energy from
    chemical compounds.
  • Autotrophs (autotrophic organisms) are able to fix (reduce) inorganic
    carbon such as carbon dioxide
  • Heterotrophs (heterotrophic organisms) must obtain carbon from an
    organic compound
  • Prokaryotic cell
    A) pili
    B) capsule
    C) cell wall
    D) cell membrane
    E) ribosome
    F) chromosome
    G) nucleoid region
    H) flagellum
  • Eukaryotic Cell
    A) Rough ER
    B) Smooth ER
    C) Golgi Apparatus
    D) Chloroplast
    E) Vacuole
    F) Plasma Membrane
    G) Mitochondria
    H) Cell Wall
    I) Microbody
    J) Nucleus
    K) Ribosomes
  • Some species also have flagella (singular, flagellum) used for
    locomotion, and pili (singular, pilus) used for attachment to
    surfaces.