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Microbiology Finals
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
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Cards (27)
Three
Domains of Organisms
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
and
Archaea
▪ are
prokaryotes, single-celled
microorganisms
with no
nuclei
(sing. nucleus)
Eukarya
▪ all organisms whose cells have
nuclei
to
enclose
their
DNA
apart
from the rest of the cell
Bacteria
and
Archaea
▪ mostly are
unicellular
organisms
Eukarya
▪ include both
unicellular
and
multicellular
organisms
Bacteria and Archaea
➢ lack
organelles
or other internal
membrane-bound
structures
Eukarya
➢ made up of cells that possess a
membrane-bound
nucleus
that
holds
genetic
material
as well as
membrane-bound organelles
Bacteria
and
Archaea
➢ generally have a
single
circular
chromosome–
a piece of circular,
double-stranded DNA located in an
area of the cell called the
nucleoid
Eukarya
➢ have
multiple
,
linear
chromosomes.
Bacteria
and
Archaea
➢ reproduce through
fission
Fission-
a process where an
individual cell reproduces its single
chromosome and splits in two.
Eukarya
➢reproduce through the process
of
mitosis
and
meiosis
Almost all
prokaryotes
have a
cell
wall
, a protective structure that
allows them to
survive
in extreme
conditions
Bacterial
cell walls are composed
of
peptidoglycan
, a complex of
protein
and
sugars
Archaeal
cell walls are composed
of
polysaccharides
(sugars)
Only some
eukaryotes
have a
cell wall
such as
plants
and
fungi
eukaryotic cell walls found in
plants
are made up of
cellulose
,
cell walls
of
fungi
and
insects
are made up of
chitin
Photoautotroph
- Inorganic Carbon and gets energy from light
Chemoautotroph-
Inorganic carbon and gets energy from chemical oxidation
Photoheterotroph
: Organic carbon and gets energy from
light
Chemoheterotroph-
Organic carbon and gets energy from chemical
oxidation
Phototrophs
(phototrophic organisms) obtain their energy from sunlight
Chemotrophs
(chemosynthetic organisms) obtain their energy from
chemical compounds.
Autotrophs
(autotrophic organisms) are able to fix (reduce) inorganic
carbon such as carbon dioxide
Heterotrophs
(heterotrophic organisms) must obtain carbon from an
organic compound
Prokaryotic cell
A)
pili
B)
capsule
C)
cell wall
D)
cell membrane
E)
ribosome
F)
chromosome
G)
nucleoid region
H)
flagellum
8
Eukaryotic Cell
A)
Rough ER
B)
Smooth ER
C)
Golgi Apparatus
D)
Chloroplast
E)
Vacuole
F)
Plasma Membrane
G)
Mitochondria
H)
Cell Wall
I)
Microbody
J)
Nucleus
K)
Ribosomes
11
Some species also have
flagella
(singular, flagellum) used for
locomotion
, and
pili
(singular, pilus) used for attachment to
surfaces.