Skin Disorders (5)

• Impetigo - A contagious superficial pyoderma caused by "Staphylococcus and/or group A streptococci" that begins with superficial flaccid vesicle that ruptures and forms a thick yellowish crust.
• Cellulitis. An inflammation of subcutaneous tissue that appears around a break in the skin such as insect bite or puncture wound.
• Folliculitis. A bacterial infection of the hair follicles that is usually caused by S. aureus bacteria.
• Bacterial Infections:

  1. Impetigo
  2. Cellulitis
  3. Folliculitis
• Two common manifestations of viral infections are the sores associated with different types of herpes and warts.
• The word herpes, often used as a singular word refers to a variety of viruses.
• Common Types of Herpes

  1. Herpes simplex virus type I
  2. Herpes simplex virus type 2 or Genital Herpes
  3. Herpes zoster or Shingles is caused by varicella-zoster, the chicken pox virus.
• Warts - Verrucae (warts) are common, harmless infection of the skin and mucous membranes. They are caused by papillomavirus and can be transmitted through contact.
• Warts are divided into the following categories:

  • Common or verruca vulgaris
  • Filiform
  • Flat
  • Genital or condyloma acuminatum
  • Periungal
  • Plantar
• Viral Infections:

  1. Herpes
  2. Warts or Verrucae
• Pediculosis results from infestations of bloodsucking lice.
• 3 types of lice attack humans:

  • Pediculus humanus capitis – head louse
  • Pediculus humanus corporis – body louse
  • Phthirus pubis or pubic louse or crabs.
• Scabies is caused by a female mite that penetrates and burrows into the skin.

  
  

  A scabies infestation produces intense itching and secondary infections from excoriation caused by scratching.

  
  

  Wavy, brown, threadlike lines appear on hands, arms, body folds and genitals.
• Parasitic Infections:

  1. Pediculosis or Lice Attack
  2. Scabies
• Dermatophytosis is the general name for a fungal infection. Mushrooms, molds, yeasts are common fungi.

  One of the most common fungal disorder is tinea or ringworm.
• Type of Tinea according to body parts:

  • Tinea barbae – affects the bearded facial hair.
  • Tinea capitis – small spreading papules on the scalp that cause patchy hair loss.
  • Tinea corporis – affects the body and produces lesions with a ring-shaped appearance.
  • Tinea cruris or Jock itch – affects groin and surrounding area.
  • Tinea pedis or athlete’s foot – causes scaling and blistering on the toes.
  • Tinea unguium or onychomycosis – affects toenails
• Candidiasis or moniliasis is a mild superficial fungal infection of the skin, nails, or mucous membranes. The patient develops a scaly, reddened papular rash with severe itching and burning. It is diagnosed through skin scraping.
• Thrush – a fungal infection of the oral mucous membranes caused by Candida albicans.
• Fungal Infections:

  • Dermatophytosis
  • Candidiasis
  • Thrush
• Superficial skin infections are called dermatitis. These can be caused by drugs, plants, chemical and food
• Contact dermatitis – occurs upon contact with an irritant which cause the epidermis to become inflamed and damaged. Irritants can be poison ivy, poison oak, detergents and industrial chemicals. Signs include pain, burning, itching, swelling.
• Types of Dermatitis:

  • Contact dermatitis
  • Exfoliative dermatitis
  • Localized dermatitis
  • Nummular dermatitis
  • Seborrheic dermatitis
  • Stasis dermatitis
• Angioedema is characterized by urticaria and edema that occurs as an allergic reaction, usually to a certain food. It occurs in the subcutaneous tissues of isolated areas such as eyelids, hands, feet, tongue, larynx GI tract or lips.
• Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder, commonly with unknown causes, that is characterized by periods of remission and worsening. Lesions appear as reddened papules and plaques covered with silvery scales.
• Inflammatory Disorders:

  • Dermatitis
  • Angioedema
  • Psoriasis