CMT - Lesson 12

• Angularity number

  • lies between 0 to 11 but prefer 7 to 10
• Quality


  • The ability of a product or service to SATISFY a given NEED
  • If it passes, then it is deemed Fit to use
• Quality Assurance


  Process oriented and focuses on DEFECT PREVENTION
• Quality Control


  Product oriented and focuses on DEFECT IDENTIFICATION
• Sampling


  LIMITED QUANTITY of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount of that thing
• Field Test


  TRIAL TEST are conducted under actual use conditions, instead of under controlled conditions in a laboratory
• Types of Field Test(BSSCSB)

  • Brick Test
  • Sand Test
  • Stone Test
  • Cement Test
  • Steel Test
  • Bitumen Test
• Brick Test(SST)

  1. Shape, Size and Color

  2. Sound test

  3. T test
• Sand Test

  Silt and Clay test
• Stone Test(SHA)

  1. Shape and Size

  2. Hardness test

  3. Angularity test
• Cement Test(CPSFFD)

  1. Color test

  2. Presence of Lumps

  3. Smoothness Test

  4. Feel test

  5. Float Test

  6. Date of Packing
• Steel Test(PDBLCC)

  1. Pitch length

  2. Diameter

  3. Brittleness

  4. Length

  5. Corrosion

  6. Color
• Bitumen Test

  1. Pour test

  2. Field penetration test
• Arbitrary Method of Concrete Mix Design


  • Quantity voids in fresh concrete that the voids of course aggregate will full fill by the fine aggregate
  • Cement quantity is used according to given strength of concrete
  • Ratio between cement and quantity is maintained
• Strength = Mix Ratio

  M10 = 1 : 3 : 6

  M15 = 1 : 2 : 4

  M20 = 1 : 1.5 : 3

  M25 = 1 : 1 : 2
• Hardness test

  • the resistance of a stone to indentation, REBOUND or SCRATCH
• Pour Test

  • Since ASPHALT cement is a SOLID at room temperature, it will not pour
• Field penetration test

  • When the PENCIL point penetrates with difficulty or breaks, the asphalt cement is hard.
• Date of packing

  • Generally, the cement should be used before 90 DAYS from the date of manufacturing.
• Float Test

  • If a small quantity of cement is thrown in a BUCKET OF WATER, the particles should FLOAT for some time before it sinks.
• Feel test of cement

  • It should be WARM NOT COLD when you insert your hand in a bag of cement
• Smoothness Test

  • Cement should be smooth when being rubbed between fingers, a rough textures indicates ADULTERATION with sand.
• Presence of Lumps

  • Cements should be FREE from any HARD LUMPS.
• Color test of cement

  • Cement should be in uniformly GREY COLOR with LIGHT GREENISH SHADE
• Angularity test

  • It determines the ANGULARITY of stones in a sample. It is measured in terms of angularity numbers that describe as the amount by which the percentage of voids in it exceeds 33.
• Silt and Clay test

  • Rub a small amount of sand between your FINFER TIPS. If a spots of clay left on the finger tips it shows that clay is in considerable amount in the sand
• T test

  • Two bricks held in T pattern from 4FT ABOVE THE GROUND then released. It should not have flows, cracks or holes on the broken surface.
• Sound test

  • Two bricks held in each hands and then struck together. They should not break and make a clear METALLIC RINGING sound.
• Shape, size and color

  • TWENTY RANDOM BRICKS are selected from the stacked and inspected if it is uniform in its shape, size and color.