OCR HISTORY BRITAIN 1900-57

• What where two main events that were problems of Balfour's Government?

  1. The Chinese slavery scandal
  2. The Taff Vale decision (1902)
• What we’re two main successes from Balfour’s Government?

  1. The 1902 Education Act
  2. The 1904 Licensing Act
• What fraction of the population in Large Cities lived in poverty?


  1/3
• Who was at a greater risk of poverty?

  The Elderly and Children
• What is National Efficiency?

  The minimum level of health and well-being expected in order for British people to help sustain military and industrial strength.
• What was revealed after the Boer War?


  Nearly 2/3 of volunteers failed to pass the basic medical test required to go to war.
• Exactly how many volunteers for the Boer War were turned away in Manchester After failing the medical test?


  8,000
• What policy did Old liberalism use?


  Laissez-faire
• What policy did New Liberalism use?


  Welfare state/reforms
• What year was the Boer War?


  1899-1902
• Which Countries were overtaking Britain Industrially?

  Germany and USA
• Why was the new liberals approach now welfare reform?

  1.National Efficiency

  2.Poverty Research

  3.To fend off Labour
• Who were the two main Poverty Researchers of the 20th Century?

  1.Charles Booth

  2.Seebohm Rountree
• What did Charles Booth develop as part of his research in London?


  The Booth Map
• What did Rountree discover after his research in York ?


  He defined The poverty line as anyone earning less than 21 shillings per week, therefore 30% of York were living on the poverty line.
• By 1910, British industrial exports made up only 10% of the world trade. What we’re the figures for Germany and the USA?


  Germany: 20% USA: 40%
• What is the Two-Chamber Structure?


  1.The elected house of Commons

  2.The unelected house of Lords

  To become Law , a bill must be passed through both Houses.
• What was the 1901 Taff Vale decision?


  A legal case where unions were taken to court for striking and charged for damages of £42000
• Why was the 1901 Taff Vale decision so controversial?


  The decision was in the hands of the Aristocracy(The House of Lords) leading to mass alienation of working class communities.
• What was Balfour’s Education Act (1902)?


  1.Raised school leaving age to 12

  2.Schools now run by communities not the church.
• How many seats did the Labour Party win in the 1902 election?


  30 seats
• Which party won the 1906 election?

  Liberal
• Who was the leader of the liberal party in 1906?


  Henry Campbell-Bannerman
• What was the first Liberal decision after being elected in 1906?


  Trade disputes act(1906) To reverse the Taff vale decision and protect union funds.
• What did the Education act of 1906 enable?

  Non- compulsory free school meals
• What did the Education act of 1907 enable?

  Medical inspections for children 3x a year.