LESSON 6

• Globalization


  The most powerful force of change in the world today affecting all societies in the planet
• Migration


  Tied to globalization due to the growing demand for laborers in most capitalist countries – all with the hope of alleviating their economic condition and experiencing a good life
• Migration


  The movement of a person or groups from one territory to another for the purpose of seeking temporary or permanent residence
• Reasons for migration


  • Push factors - difficulties in their homeland
  • Pull factors - attraction to a place of destination
• Types of migration


  • Internal migration
  • External migration
  • Emigration
  • Immigration
• What migration brings


  • New opportunities
  • Exportation of culture
  • Multicultural society
• Female migrants comprise slightly less than half (48%) of total migrants and they outnumber men in Europe and Northern America
• Nearly two-thirds of all international immigrants worldwide live in Europe or Asia. Ranking next is North America then Africa
• Asia and Oceana had the fastest average annual growth rate in the migrant stock with 2.8%. Latin America and the Carabean had 2.3%, followed by Africa with 2.2%
• Most of the worlds immigrants (67%) live in 20 countries. The US houses the largest immigrants. Meanwhile Germany ranks second and Russia third
• Most of the international migrants settle in high-income countries and majority of them (67%) originate from middle-income countries. Only 10% from low-income countries mange to live in high-income countries
• Nearly half (43%) of all international migrants worldwide were born in Asia. Between 2000 and 2015, the size of the migrant stock from Asia grew faster (2.8%) than Europe (1.2%), which ranked second in the migrant growth
• The number of displaced people and refugees worldwide has reached the level since the World War II. In 2015, there were 65.3 million forcibly displace people. Among them are nearly 21.3 million refugees, over half of whom are under 18
• There are also 10 million stateless people who have been denied a nationality and access to basic rights such as education, healthcare, employment, and freedom of movement
• More than (53%) of the refugees come from three countries – Syria (4.9 million), and Afghanistan (2.7 million), with the rest coming from African countries. Hosting these migrants are mostly developing countries – Turkey, Pakistan, Lebanon, Iran, Ethiopia, and Jordan
• Filipino migration


  Of the Philippine population, 10% are found overseas (about 10-12 million)
• Steady increase of Filipino migration since 1975
• Top destinations for Filipino migrants

  • USA
  • Saudi Arabia
  • United Arab Emirates
• History of Filipino migration

  1. Manila men - Male natives (indios) were recruited to join other Iberian marines to work in the Galleon Trade since its inception in 1572

  2. Los indios bravos - In the 19th century, a number of illustrados who held patriotic and liberal ideas fled to Europe to escape persecution and censorship by their Spanish Colonial masters

  3. Pensionados - In 1903, the Pensionado Act that was passed by the US Congress facilitated the sending of the brightest high school graduates to study in the best American universities

  4. Sacadas or the Manongs - International migration for Filipinos in the 20th century meant working in the US and its Pacific territories. The first batch arrived on Hawaii to work on sugarcane and pineapple plantations

  5. Navies and nurses - By 1930 there were about 25,000 Filipinos in the US Navy. After WW2 there were Filipino nurses that came to the US through US Exchange Visitor Program

  6. Overseas contract workers (1970s to present) - The largest wave of international migration started to happen in the 1970s making the Philippines the top recruiter and exporter of migrant labor today