chap 26

• birth to under four weeks of age (less than 28 days)

  newborn
• EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD


  first week of life (less than 7 days or 168 hours)
• LATE NEONATAL PERIOD


  extends from 7th to 28th day
• classification of newborns


  ▪ Gestational age

  ▪ Birth weight

  ▪ Physical characteristics

  ▪ Medical status

  ▪ Apgar score

  ▪ Mortality
• preterm infant


  born before completion of 37 weeks
• late preterm infant


  born within 34-36 weeks of gestation
• post term infant


  born after 42 weeks of gestation
• full term infant


  born between the beginning of 38 weeks and the completion of 42 weeks gestational age
• low birth weight (lbw)


  less than 2500 grams, 2.5kg, 5 pounds and 8 ounces
• very low birth weight (vlbw)

  less than 1500 g, 1.5kg, 3 pounds and 5 ounces
• extremely low birth weight (elbw)


  less than 1000 g, 1kg, 2 pounds and 3 ounces
• filipino birth weight baseline

  2.8kg - 3kg
• large for gestational age (LGA)


  newborns who are larger than expected for their

  gestational age
• Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) 


  normal range for gestational age
• small for gestational age (SGA)


  smaller than expected for their gestational age
• Healthy newborns

  those born without any complications or medical

  conditions
• high risk newborns


  infants who have a greater likelihood of

  experiencing health problems or complications

  compared to the general newborn population
• APGAR score


  used to assess the newborn’s overall health and well-

  being at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, based on criteria

  such as heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone,

  reflexes and color
• APGAR meaning

  1. Appearance
  2. Pulse
  3. Grimace
  4. Activity
  5. Respiration
• 7-10 score: minimal to no intervention needed
• 4-6 score: needs assistance and other

  interventions but manageable
• 0-3 score: critical conditions that requires

  immediate attention
• Live Birth

  ▪ birth in which the neonate manifests any heartbeat,

  breathes, or displays voluntary movement, regardless

  of gestational age
• Fetal Death

  ▪ death of the fetus after 20 weeks of gestation and

  before delivery, with absence of any signs of life

  after birth
• Neonatal Death

  ▪ death that occurs in the first 27 days of life; early

  neonatal death occurs in the first week of life; late

  neonatal death occurs at 7 to 27 days
• Perinatal Mortality

  ▪ describes the total number of fetal and early neonatal

  deaths per 1000 live births
• Postnatal Death

  ▪ death that occurs at 28 days to 1 year after birth
• initial assessment is performed under a prewarmed

  radiant heat warmer to prevent heat loss
• 30-60 breaths per minute newborn
• newborns usually have a pink or slightly bluish tint

  to their skin

  true
• central cyanosis


  blueness around the lips and

  mouth
• acrocyanosis is not normal in the first few hours


  false
• initiation and maintenance

  1. respiratory rate
  2. breathing patterns
  3. breath sounds
  4. colors
  5. chest movement
  6. oxygen saturation
  7. respiratory effort
  8. resuscitation
  9. suctioning
  10. lung expansion
  11. drug therapy
• FACTORS PREDISPOSING INFANT TO

  RESPIRATORY DIFFICULTY

  ▪ low birth weight

  ▪ cord prolapse

  ▪ small for gestational age

  ▪ lowered APGAR score (<7) at 1- or 5- minute

  intervals

  ▪ chest, heart respiratory tract anomalies