1.3 Lipids

• What bonds do lipids form?

  Ester bonds
• What are triglycerides formed from, what is released when they are formed and state their solubility in water and their polarity.

  Glycerol: 1

  Fatty acids: 3

  Condensation reactions: 3

  Ester bonds: 3

  Water is released: 3

  They are hydrophobic and non-polar.
• What are phospholipids formed from, what is released when they are formed, finally state their solubility in water and their polarity.

  Glycerol: 1

  Phosphate group: 1

  Fatty acids: 2

  Condensation reactions: 2

  Ester bonds: 2

  Waters released: 2

  They have hydrophobic and non-polar fatty acid chains.

  They have a hydrophilic and polar phosphate group/head.
• Hydrocarbon chains in fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated. What's the difference?

  Saturated fatty acid chains don't contain C=C bonds and can't accept more hydrogens. Unsaturated fatty acid chains do contain C=C bonds and thus can accept more hydrogens.
• What do all fatty acids (RCOOH) contain?

  A carboxyl group, an R group and a hydrocarbon chain that varies in length.
• Give the equasion for the hydrolysis of a triglyceride. + what enzyme hydrolises the bonds.

  Triglyceride + Water --> Fatty acid + monoglycerol.

  Triglyceride + 2Water --> 2 Fatty acid + diglycerol.

  Triglyceride + 3Water --> 3 Fatty acid + glycerol.

  Lipase hydrolises these bonds.
• Explain the difference between the terms: triglyceride and phospholipid

  A triglyceride has three fatty acid and Phospholipids have one phosphate that replaces one of the fatty acids
• Why are triglycerides not considered polymers?

  They're not made of monomers