Bio 2

• Reproduction


  A fundamental biological process in which new individuals are produced from their parents
• Asexual reproduction


  • Parent produces genetically similar/identical offspring
• Budding


  Organism develops from an outgrowth due to cell division at a particular site on parent
• Fission


  An organism grows and duplicates its genetic material then divides into two
• Fragmentation


  Organisms splits into fragments, each of which develop into mature clones
• Regeneration


  A body part is detached from the parent, this part grows and develops into a completely new individual
• Parthenogenesis


  Organisms develops from unfertilized egg cell
• Sexual reproduction


  Production of gametes via meiosis; fusion of male and female gametes (fertilization)
• Ovuliparity


  • External fertilization. Egg cells released into the environment and fertilized by males
• Oviparity


  • Internal Fertilization. Expulsion of undeveloped eggs rather than live young
• Viviparity


  • Development of embryo within parent (Give birth to live young)
• Ovoviviparity


  • Embryos develop in eggs and hatch within parent
• Sequential hermaphrodites


  • Individual born as one sex but can later change into the opposite sex
• Simultaneous hermaphrodites


  • Individual born both male and female sexual organs at the same time
• Nutrition


  Process of taking in food and converting it into energy and other vital nutrients required for life
• Types of Nutrition in Animals

  • Bulk feeding
  • Ram feeding and suction feeding
  • Filter Feeding
  • Deposit feeding
  • Fluid feeding
• Digestion


  Larger food particles are broken down into smaller, water-soluble particles
• Absorption


  The digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal wall
• Assimilation


  The absorbed food is used for energy, growth and repair of the cells of the body
• Egestion


  The undigested food is removed from the body in the form of faeces