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• These are more abstracts than their physical counterparts; that is, they have less resemblance to the physical reality

  • Schematic models
• Marketing, design, and production must work closely together to successfully implement design changes and to develop and produce new products.

  • True
• Early 1900's; planning became distinct from doing and the manager's job was to discover physical limits of worker through measurement, analysis, and observation. (Fredrick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Ford)

  • Scientific Management Era
• Must be coordinated to facilitate the strategic decisions, are more short-term  in nature and more specific with operational objectives.

  • Tactical Decisions
• It involves managing people, equipment, technology, information, and many other resources.

  • Operation Management
• The three major business functions necessary to all organizations are

  • marketing, finance/accounting, production/operations.
• Operations management's role is equivalent to: managing transformation processes. Operations management transforms INPUTS into Value Added OUTPUTS and continuously improve the process using consumer feedback and performance data
• Developed the concept of motion economy and work design

  • Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
• Mid 1900's; developed new quantitative techniques for OM problems, supported American military in WWII and cold war. Major contributions include: inventory modeling, linear programming, project mgmt., forecasting, statistical sampling, and quality control techniques.

  • Management Science Era
• The person who developed plant-wide quality control systems was

  • W. Edwards Deming.
• He recognized the value of nonmonetary rewards to motivate workers, and developed a widely used system for scheduling

  • Henry Gantt
• When a tangible product is NOT included in the service, it is called

  • a pure service
• The set of interrelated management activities, which are involved in manufacturing certain products, is called as production management.

  • True
• Which of these is NOT one of the basic functions of the management process.

  • Inspecting
• The person who introduced standardized, interchangeable parts was

  • Eli Whitney.
• human capital, buildings, processes, various technologies, and raw materials.

  • Inputs in Operations Management
• Planning, Coordinating, Controlling, Leading

  • Four Functions of a Manager
• Service operations are often subject to a higher degree of variability of inputs.

  • Inputs uniformity
• Cooperating with suppliers and customers to reduce overall costs of the supply chain and increase responsiveness to customers.

  • Supply Chain Management (OM Concept)
• Establish the BROAD direction of the company and are general in scope with a LONG-TERM horizon.

  • Strategic Decisions
• Intangible products, Few or no inventories, Higher customer interaction, Labor intensive (typically), shorter response time to customer satisfaction.

  • Characteristics of Service Operations (transformation processes)
• Developed Human R elations and Theory X/Y

  • Douglas McGregor
• The "father" of scientific management is

  • Frederick W. Taylor.
• Increases in productivity are difficult to achieve if

  • the task is more intellectual and personal.
• 1700's; artisans replaced by machines, labor is divided and parts are standardized. (James Watt, Adam Smith, Eli Whitney)

  • The Industrial Revolution Era
• The use of a smoothing technique is appropriate when

  • random behavior is the primary source of variation.
• Forecasts are referred to as naive if they

  • are based only on past values of the variable.
• In which of the following forecasting technique, data obtained from past experience is analyzed?

  • Time series forecast
• Which of the following is not a qualitative forecasting technique?

  • Time-series analysis
• Short term regular variations related to the calendar or time of day is known as

  • Seasonality
• has a fair to very good accuracy for short and long-term forecasts.

  • Delphi method
• Which of the following is not true for forecasting?

  • Short range forecasts are less accurate than long range forecasts.
• The root-mean-square error is a measure of

  • forecast accuracy.
• A qualitative forecast

  • predicts the direction, but not the magnitude, of change in a variable.
• The first step in time-series analysis is to

  • plot the data on a graph.
• Which of the following is not one of the four types of variation that is estimated in time-series analysis?

  • Predictable