PR

• Research Topic


  An area of interest to a researcher that is researchable and focused. It sets the direction of the research. And it is a general idea, issue, or problem being considered for investigation.
• Developing a research topic

  1. Choose a broad topic

  2. Do preliminary research

  3. Define the problem

  4. Refine the question
• Choose an interesting topic


  Your research topic must be something you are passionate about
• Select a significant topic


  A topic worth researching must be able to answer or solve problems in the community. It should address any real problems existing in the society.
• Choose a topic relevant to your field


  It must be aligned to your chosen track
• Basic Parts of a Research Title

  • Research Goal or Result
  • Research Variables
  • Research Locale
• Independent Variable


  Cause - When the IV changes, it has an impact on another variable
• Dependent Variable


  Effect - The DV is the variable that is assumed to change as a result of a change in the IV
• Process of Developing A Research Topic and Title


  1. What to accomplish/comply?

  2. Coverage (specific field)

  3. Research topic

  4. First Specifics

  5. Second Specifics

  6. Concerns

  7. Respondents

  8. Locale

  9. Main Keywords/Variables
• General Problem

  It is derived from the research problem. It serves as the opening of the SOP of your study. It is based on your research title.
• Specific Problems


  They are anchored on the general problem. These are stated in a question form/type.
• Non-Researchable Questions


  Questions of value and answerable by yes or no
• Researchable Questions


  Questions of value, opinions, or policy raised to gather data. Use who, what, when, where, why, and how.
• Characteristics of Good Research Questions

  • Feasible
  • Clear
  • Significant
  • Ethical
• Importance of Ethics in Research

  • Promotes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and credibility
  • Fosters values essential to collaborative work
  • Ensures researchers are held accountable to the public
  • Builds public support for research
• Ethical Codes and Policies for Research

  • Honesty
  • Objectivity
  • Integrity
  • Openness
  • Respect for Intellectual Property
  • Confidentiality
• Rights of Research Participants

  • Voluntary Participation
  • Informed Consent
  • Risk of Harm
  • Confidentiality
  • Anonymity
• Intellectual Property


  Creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names, and images used in commerce
• Plagiarism


  An ethical violation where someone takes credit for work that is not their own, often in academic contexts
• Acts of Plagiarism


  • Claiming authorship of a work or creation by another person
  • Copying an entire written work or a portion of it – including words, sentences, and ideas without acknowledging the author
  • Failing to put quotation marks to distinguish a quotation taken directly from a source
  • Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
  • Merely changing the words but retaining the sentence structure so that the selection or quotes still bear a resemblance to the source
• Tips to Avoid Plagiarism


  • Sufficient time should be allotted for writing
  • All relevant references should be collected, whether in hard or soft copy
  • All references should be read carefully and their important parts should be highlighted
  • Sufficient attribution should be placed when using the ideas of others
  • Lines with factual details are to be referenced
  • The appropriateness of inserting references should be determined
  • Written permission should be acquired for text and figures copied from other sources
  • All texts that come from other authors must be regarded as notes and cited properly
  • Copying and pasting text from sources while writing should be avoided
  • Before submitting an article, all files, figures, and references should be prepared in accordance to the prescribed standards
• Fair Use

  A legal principle stating that one can use a copyrighted work without a license for the following purposes: commentary, criticism, reporting, research, and teaching