Chemistry - Memorisation

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Cards (22)

  • Ionic Compounds, one metal shares an electron to one non-metal
  • Covalent compounds are made up of two or more atoms that share electrons.
  • Polyatomic ions are made up of more than one atom
  • Electrons: these are negatively charged particles which spin around the nucleus of an atom in shells. The first shell can hold two electrons, the second and third can hold eight, 4th can hold eighteen
  • Protons: these are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They tell you what atom it is, and are the same as its atomic number.
  • Neutrons: these are non-charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, to stabilise it, as the protons all repel each other.
  • Metals
    Increases down a group because the atom gets bigger and the attraction between the electrons is weaker
    Decreases across a period
  • Non-metals
    Reactivity increases up a group, smaller atom, stronger bond
    Decreases to the left of the period, larger atom, weaker bond
  • Diatomic Molecules are elements that exist as only two atoms these include fluoride, oxygen, hydrogen ,nitrogen, chlorine, bromine and iodine
  • Polyatomic molecules have more than two atoms they include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) ammonia (NH3)
  • A NEUTRALISATION reaction occurs when an acid and a base react together.
  • Salt refers to ionic compounds that are produced through a chemical reaction with an acid. 
  • Hydrogen and hydroxide --> a h20 liquid
  • pH stands for the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
  • An acid is a substance that donates protons (H+) to a solution.
  • Acids conduct electricity, and are neutralised by bases producing water and salt
  • Bases are substances that forms hydroxide ions in solution. (OH-)
  • A substance with a pH of less than 7 (pH < 7) is classified as acidic. 
  • A substance with a pH of 7 (pH=7) is classified at neutral.
  • A substance with a pH of greater than 7 (pH > 7 ) is classified as basic. 
  • Precipitation reactions are reactions that occur when a solid reacts with a liquid.
  • An ion has a positive or negative charge