Mod 2: Ideologies

• Ideology


  A set of related ideas or a systematic group of concepts and beliefs about culture, society, and human life
• Characteristics of political ideologies

  • Offers lenses for the socio-political condition of a state, often in the form of a worldview
  • Provides a model of a desired future, a vision of a good society
  • Outlines how political change can and should be brought about
• Liberalism


  A political ideology that gives importance to the fulfillment of the individual through the satisfaction of his interests
• Liberalism


  • Individualism
  • Freedom
  • Reason
  • Equality
  • Toleration
  • Consent
  • Constitutionalism
• Conservatism


  An ideology that has the desire to preserve institutions and is reflected in a resistance or suspicion to change
• Conservatism


  • Tradition
  • Pragmatism
  • Human Imperfection
  • Organicism
  • Hierarchy and Authority
  • Property
• Socialism


  An ideology that stands in opposition to capitalism and proposes an alternative which is perceived to be more human and equitable
• Socialism


  • Community
  • Fraternity
  • Social Equality
  • Need
  • Social Class
  • Common Ownership
• Anarchism


  An ideology based on the belief that government and laws are not necessary, and personal autonomy is a must
• Communism


  An ideology based on common ownership, which aims to establish a society that is classless and egalitarian
• Communism


  • Abolition of private-owned property
  • Transitory "socialist" stage of development
  • Revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat
  • State socialism and market capitalism
• Fascism


  A political ideology fueled by extreme nationalism that promises the birth of a new, stronger, and greater society, stripped from all of its weaknesses
• Fascism


  • Racial and/or cultural purity
  • Total control of society by the state
  • Presence of 1 ruling party
  • Militarization of society
  • Support on violence to achieve political means
• Feminism


  An ideology based on a common desire to enhance the social role of women in whatever way possible
• Feminism


  • First Wave (1848 to 1920): Achieving political equality for women
  • Second Wave (1963 to 1980s): Changing the way society thought about women
  • Third Wave (1991[?] to ???): Fighting against workplace sexual harassment and increasing the number of women in positions of power