Nervous System (Book)

• Nervous System is:

  • Responsible for your quick reaction
  • Connects all your body parts by transmitting signals from one part of your body to the others.
• The Nervous System has three basic function:

  • Sensory
  • Integrative
  • Motor
• The Nervous System is divided into Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System.
• The Central Nervous System is the processing area of the Nervous System.
• The Central Nervous System is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.
• The Brain processes and interprets the signals transmitted to it. The control center of the Nervous System.
• The Spinal Cord is the connection from the brain to the rest of the body. It is 40-50 centimeters long, composed of gray and white matter, and responsible for reflexes.
• The Peripheral Nervous System carries impulses from sensory nerves to the CNS and from the CNS to the motor nerves.
• The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System.
• The Somatic Nervous System regulates the activities that are under conscious control. It includes the motor nerves, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.
• The Motor Nerves connected to the skeletal muscles that function voluntarily.
• The Spinal Nerves are connected to the Central Nervous System to other parts such as the sensory receptors, the muscles, and the body glands.
• The Cranial Nerves are responsible for many functions such as smell, sight, chewing, taste, hearing, and even the movement of tongue, the upper eyelids, and the eyeballs, the head and the shoulders. It is located in the brain.
• The Autonomic Nervous System includes the motor neurons that control the internal organ and regulates the smooth and cardiac muscles. It functions independently and is not consciously controlled(involuntary).
• The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into the Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System.
• The Sympathetic Nervous System is activated during physical or emotional stress. It can be stimulated also if we feel fear, embarrassment, or anger. The fight or flight response.
• The Parasympathetic Nervous System functions whenever the body is at rest and recovery. The rest and digest response.
• The Brain is the important part of the nervous system. It controls most of the reactions given by your body. It processes most of the signals that it receives from parts of the body.
• The Left-Hemisphere controls the left side of your body.
• The Right-Hemisphere Controls the right side of your body.
• The Left-Hemisphere controls speaking, writing, numerical, and scientific skills as well as sign language and reasoning.
• The Right-Hemisphere controls the spatial intelligence, pattern, face recognition, as well as musical ability.
• Lateralization is wherein, one hemisphere of the brain is dominant in certain functions.
• The Corpus Callosum is a set of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres together.
• The three major parts of the brain are the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain Stem.
• The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
• The Cerebrum controls the ability to read, write, and speak; also related to your mathematical and musical skills; also deals with memory.
• The Cerebellum helps in smooth coordination of skeletal muscle contractions; also regulates your body's posture and balance.
• The Brain Stem connects the spinal cord and the brain.
• The Brain Stem has three regions:

  • Medulla Oblongata
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
• The Medulla Oblongata is associated with heartbeat, breathing sensations, and reflex controls when a person is swallowing, vomiting, coughing, hicuping, and sneezing.
• The Midbrain is associated with the coordination of muscular movements and reflexes that direct the movement of the eyes, head, and neck every time we need to look at things around us; also responsible for your startle reflex.
• The startle reflex happens whenever you are surprised due to loud or noisy sounds.
• The Pons connects the parts of the brain; also helps control breathing.
• The Frontal Lobe controls some voluntary motor functions, different moods, and sense of smell.
• The Parietal Lobe controls most of the senses such as touch and taste, also responsible for controlling pain, body temperature, and balance.
• The Occipital Lobe controls the sense of sight.
• The Temporal Lobe controls the sense of smell and hearing and has a role in memory.