Local authorities may run their own recycling schemes under Local Agenda 21 (established at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development)
UK households recycled 45% of waste in 2018, up only from 11% in 2000. Much of waste was sent to other countries e.g China to be recycled.
In UK starting with Wales in 2011 and England in 2015, 5p charge introduced for 'single use' plastic bags in shops as they are made from crude oil (non-renewable resource)
By 2019: UK consumers using an avg of 10 bags per year, a decrease from 140 prior to charge.