ENGLISH

• Research


  A systematic and scientific procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and implication pertaining to any problem
• Purpose of research


  • To inform action
  • To prove theory
  • To contribute to developing knowledge in the field or study
• Quantitative research


  It is called a formal, systematic process in which numerical data is used to obtain information about the world
• Qualitative research


  It uses words instead of numbers to display data. It focuses on feelings not numerical data
• Research paper


  A piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation based on in-depth research
• Abstract


  A short summary of the completed research. It intends to describe in a self-contained, concise, and explaining briefly as possible
• Introduction


  Next part after the title and abstract. It establishes the scope, context, and significance of the research
• Elements of introduction


  • Summarizing background information about the topic
  • Stating purpose of the work in the form of research problem
  • Briefly explains methodological approach
• Literature review


  Provides overview of sources such as books, articles, and any other relevant sources to a particular issue
• Hypothesis


  Commonly known as, "the researcher`s wild guess" about the possible result of the study
• Methodology


  The systematic method to resolve a research problem through data gathering using various techniques, data interpretation, and conclusion
• Population


  A group containing elements or anything you want to study such as objects, events, organizations, countries, individuals, etc.
• Sample


  A smaller part or sub-group of the population where you can collect and participate in your study
• Variable


  Any factor, trait, or condition that can be manipulated, controlled for, or measured in an experiment
• Research instrument format

  • Questionnaires
  • Surveys
  • Interviews
  • Checklists
  • Sample test
• Questionnaire


  The main instrument for collecting data. It is a set of standardized questions often called "items", in order to collect individual data
• Data


  Any information that has been collected, observed, generated or created to validate original research findings
• Results


  Section of a research paper where the author provide the data being collected during the study
• Discussion


  Section of a research paper whose purpose is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings
• Conclusion


  Intended to help the readers understand why your research should matter(importance). A synthesis of key points
• Reference


  Last part of a research paper that lists all the sources you used in your study. It gives credit to authors you have consulted for information's or ideas
• Appendix


  Serves as a space for materials. This is where the researchers attach a copy of research instrument such as questionnaires, interviews, surveys and etc.
• Concept


  A term that abstractly describes and names an object, a phenomenon, or an idea
• Theory


  An organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon
• Variables


  Any quality of a person, group subject, event, condition or situation that varies or takes on different values
• Examples of variables


  • age, sex, business income and expenses, country of birth, capital expenditure, class grades, eye color and vehicle type
• Hypothesis


  A logical supposition, a reasonable guess, and educated conjecture. It provides a tentative explanation of a phenomenon under investigation
• Example of hypothesis


  • Test anxiety decreases as a result of effective study habits
• Sampling


  The process of selecting participants who are representatives of a larger population – gain an understanding of a larger population
• Example of sampling


  • A random sample may include choosing the names of 25 employees out of a hat in a company of 250 employees
• Fundamentals of research paper writing (SMART)

  • Specific
  • Measureable
  • Attainable
  • Realistic
  • Time
• Ways to narrow down research topic

  • By demographic characteristics
  • By relevant issues
  • By location
  • By timeframe
  • By causes