1B

• Ethics


  A field of knowledge that helps individuals exercise moral judgement and determine what is right and wrong
• Applied Ethics


  The application of ethical theories to real-life moral problems and contexts
• Metathinking


  The practice of reflecting upon and evaluating the way we think, including the different strategies and tools for problem-solving and learning
• Bioethics


  The study of ethical issued pertaining to biology and medicine
• Bioethical Issue


  An ethical dilemma pertaining to biology that typically involves a decision-making process between two or more choices or options for an action
• Bioethical Approach


  A decision-making framework that helps guide ethical behaviour
• Ethical Concept


  A specific perspective or lens used to consider multiple angles of an ethical dilemma
• Consequences-based Approach


  An approach to bioethics that aims to maximise positive outcomes while minimising negative outcomes
• Duty-and/or-rule-based approach


  An approach to bioethics that promotes the responsibility of the agent above all else, and places importance on the duty of each individual
• Virtues-based Approach


  An approach to bioethics that emphasises the individual goodness of the agent, and promotes acting in accordance with the values of a ‘moral’ person, such as honesty and compassion
• Integrity 


  An ethical concept that encourages a full commitment to knowledge and understandings as well as the honest reporting to all sources of information and results
• Justice


  An ethical concept that encourages fair consideration of competing claims, and ensures that there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action
• Beneficence 


  An ethical concept that seeks to maximise benefits when taking a particular position or course of action
• Non-malifience


  An ethical concept that discourages causing harm - or when harm is unavoidable, ensuring that the harm is not disproportionate to the benefits from any position or course of action
• Respect


  An ethical concept that encourages the acknowledgment of the intrinsic value of living things, and considers the welfare, beliefs, customs, and cultural heritage of both the individual and the collective