CCS4 Final term

• Birth rate


  The rate at which individual organisms produce offspring
• Death rate


  The rate at which individual organisms die
• Growth rate


  Referred to as natural increase in human populations
• Types of dispersal

  • Immigration
  • Emigration
• Immigration


  Individuals enter a population and increase its size
• Emigration


  Individuals leave a population and decrease its size
• Biotic potentials


  Different species (also called intrinsic rates of increase)
• J-shaped curve


  • Regardless of species, whenever a population grows at its biotic potential, population size plotted versus time give the same
• Our world population was 7.3 billion in mid-2015, an increase of about 98 million from 2014
• Thomas Malthus


  One of the first people to recognize that the human population can't increase indefinitely, a British economist
• 95 percent likelihood range of population projection
• Demographic stages

  • Stage 1 Preindustrial
  • Stage 2 Transitional
  • Stage 3 Industrial
  • Stage 4 Postindustrial
• Sustainable development


  Our Common Future, the 1987 report of the U.N. World Commission on Environment and Development, presented the closely related concept
• Aspects of sustainable dvelopment

  • Environmentally sound decisions
  • Economically viable decisions
  • Socially equitable decisions
• Sustainable consumption


  Forces us to address whether our present actions undermine the long-term ability of the environment to meet the needs of future generations
• Lifestyle


  Interpreted broadly to include goods and services bought for food, clothing, housing, travel, recreation, and entertainment
• Voluntary simplicity


  Recognizes that individual happiness and quality of life are not necessarily linked to the accumulation of material goods
• Economically viable decisions

  • consider all costs, including long-term environmental and societal costs.
• Socially equitable decisions-

  • reflect needs of society and ensure costs and benefits are shared equally by all groups.
• Environmentally sound decisions

  • do not harm environment or deplete natural resources.
• What are smartphones?

  Cellphones with built-in applications, multimedia capability, and Internet access
• What are tablet computers?


  Wireless portable computers primarily operated by a touch screen
• Which age group is referred to as the "Millennial Generation"?

  People ages 16 to 39
• What does it mean to be a "digital native"?

  Individuals who have grown up with digital technology and the Internet
• What percentage of the Millennial Generation are Internet users?

  98%
• What percentage of the Millennial Generation are wireless users?

  92%
• What does the term Information Technology (IT) refer to?


  A general term that describes any technology that helps produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information
• What are the first four items on the IT list?

  1. The Internet, broadband, and the World Wide Web
  2. PC and laptop computers
  3. Mobile phones (cellphones)
  4. Email
• What are the two important parts of information technology?

  • Computers
  • Communications
• What does ICT stand for?

  Information Communications Technology
• What is the purpose of ICT?

  To aid individuals or institutions in handling or using information
• What are principal examples of ICT?

  • Telephone
  • Radio
  • Satellite
  • Broadcast television
  • Cable TV
• What is input hardware?


  Devices that allow people to put data into the computer in a form that the computer can use
• What is the function of a keyboard?

  It converts letters, numbers, and other characters into electrical signals readable by the processor
• What is a mouse in computing?

  A nonkeyboard input device used to manipulate objects viewed on the computer display screen
• What are the components of processing and memory hardware?

  • Located inside the computer case on the motherboard
  • Includes the processor chip (CPU) and memory chips (RAM)
• What is the system unit in a computer?


  The case or system cabinet that houses the processor chip, memory chips, motherboard, power supply, and secondary-storage devices
• Why is the processor chip important?

  It is the most expensive hardware component and the most important for processing data
• What do memory chips represent?

  Primary storage or temporary storage
• What is the motherboard also known as?

  The system board