Pre-Finals

• Light - the only electromagnetic radiation that can be witnessed by the human eye.
• Dispersion - white light being separated into different colors due to differences in degrees of refraction.
• Reflection - the bouncing of light due to the inability to pass through them.
• Refraction - the bending of light waves as it travels into a different medium.
• Diffraction - the bending of light waves around the corner or edges of a barrier.
• Opaque - aligned with diffraction, light cannot pass through as it absorbs it.
• Interference - combination of light waves that meet
• Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Violet
• Light travels in waves in straight lines.
• Wave - is a disturbance that transfers energy from a substance to another.
• We only see things because they reflect light into our eyes.
• Shadows are formed when light rays are blocked.
• Magnets have two poles. The North and the South.
• Like poles repel, and unlike poles attract.
• Magnets create a magnetic field around them.
• A bar magnet has a magnetic field around it. Leaving North and entering South.
• To define a magnetic field, we have to understand the Magnetic Direction.
• Magnetic Field is also called the B-Field.
• If a moving charge moves into a magnetic field, it will experience a magnetic force.
• Fingers - direction of the magnetic field.
• Thumb - direction of velocity.
• Palm - direction of the force.
• Right hand rule (3 Fingers)

  Thumb - force
• Right hand rule (3 Fingers)

  Index finger - magnetic field
• Right hand rule (3 Fingers)

  Middle finger - current
• Magnetic force is equal to the Centripetal Force
• The wire moves because the wire itself is magnetic.
• Magnetic field is directly proportional to the current I, and inversely proportional to the circumference
• A CURRENT CARRYING WIRE'S INTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD

  You put your thumb in the direction of the current and the fingers point to the direction of the field.
• Electromagnetic Induction - a process in which a conductor is put in a particular position and magnetic field keeps varying or magnetic field is stationary and a conductor is moving.
• Faraday's first law - whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, EMF induces and this EMF is called an induced EMF. If the conductor is a closed circuit, then the induced current flows through it.
• Faraday's second law - the magnitude of the induced EMF is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages.
• LENZ'S LAW

  EMF is directly proportional to the change in flux.
• Gauss Law - electric field produced by electric charges.
• Faraday's Law - electric field produced by a changing magnetic field.
• Ampere's Law - magnetic field produced by an electric current
• Fourth Law - individual magnetic charges does not exist
• Magnetic Field Lines - lines that show the direction and strength of the magnetic field at any point in space.
• Magnetic Field Lines are imaginary lines that show the direction and strength of the magnetic field at any point in space.
• Electromagnetic spectrum all travel in the same speeds in a vacuum.