Historyyy

• MPAJA


  Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army
• MPAJA

  • Goal of driving the Japanese out of Singapore
  • Worked with the British to carry out sabotage attacks on Japanese officers and their men
  • Aroused anti-Japanese sentiments among the people by distributing anti-Japanese newspapers and posters
• AVAMIEE

  A- Author

  V- Verb - Convince / Persuade

  A - Audience

  M - Message

  I - Impact

  E- Evidence

  E - Explanation
• Essay

  1 Factor and 3 Points
• PEEL

  P - Point

  E- Evidence

  E - Explaintion

  L- Link
• Force 136

  • Gathered information about the Japanese
  • Organised sabotage activities to eliminate the Japanese

  and drive them out of Singapore

  • Li Bo Seng, who was an agent of Force 136, fought against the Japanese through guerrilla tactics (using ambushes, sabotage, raids)
• Goal of driving the Japanese out of Singapore

  Worked with the British to carry out sabotage attacks on Japanese officers and their men

  Aroused anti-Japanese sentiments among the people by distributing anti-Japanese newspapers and posters


  MPAJA ( Malayan's People Anti-Japanese Association )
• Resistance

  F- Force 136

  L- Lim Bo Seng

  E- Elizabeth Choy

  M- MPAJA - ( Malayan's People Anti-Japanese Army)
• Elizabeth Choy

  • She worked as a canteen store operator at the Mental Hospital
  • Secretly delivered food, medicine, money and messages to British POWs
  • As a result, she was imprisoned and tortured by the Japanese at the Kempeitai headquarters for close to 200 days
  • Awarded the Order of the British Empire and Order of the Star of Sarawak for her bravery
• Survival

  1. Dealing with shortages
  2. Diseases & Deaths
  3. Relocation
• Dealings with shortages

  Shortage of food and essential items, such as rice, sugar, salt, milk and meat

  World War 2 had disrupted trade, which limited the import of goods from overseas.

  
  

  Many resources were also channelled to Japan’s war effort instead of the locals.
• Dealing with shortages

  Essential food items were strictly rationed and locals were limited to a fixed quantity of items they could obtain

  Shortage of items → Drove prices up drastically→ Resulted in HYPERINFLATION

  Creation of a BLACK market, where people paid extremely high prices for basic goods and even sold off their jewellery

  Japanese also printed more BANANA money with no serial numbers, which soon became worthless
• Diseases and Deaths

  -Local population weakened by food shortages

  -130 000 deaths were recorded

  between 1942 and 1945

  -Beriberi, pneumonia and dysentery were the leading causes of death
• Diseases & Deaths

  Endured very harsh living conditions

  Faced continual shortages of food, medicine and overcrowding → led to poor hygiene and the spread of diseases

  ⁠- Used as forced labour e.g. clean war damage, bury the dead

  • Many sent to " Death Railway “

  between Myanmar and Thailand → 16,000 died under horrible conditions
• Relocation

  Japanese encouragement for people to grow their own food to case the food shortage failed

  • Japanese moved locals from Singapore to Increase agricultural output

  and for people to become

  self-sufficient

  Endau (success) settlement in Johor

  Bahau (fail) settlement in Malaya
• Relocation

  Endau - success

  Bahau - fail
• Relocation

  Endau

  streetlights

  Rich soil and ample

  was present → makes it suitable

  to grow vegetables

  Endau settlement was a great SUCCESS!

  • Endau also had streetlights, a chapel and coffee shops
• Relocation

  Bahau

  The land was too hilly and the soil was too

  poor → cannot grow vegetables well

  • Many people had to resort to eating rats and maggots
• Leisure & Entertainment

  Leisure Activities Organised by the Japanese organisation

  Leisure Activities Organised by the Prisons-Of-Wars ( POWs)
• Leisure Activities Organised by the Japanese organisation

  
  

  
  

  They introduced radio programmes with Japanese songs, Malay music, and news in Hokkien and Cantonese

  
  

  
  

  Cinemas: Japanese movies and documentaries

  
  

  
  

  
  

  Free open-air screenings of propaganda show
• Leisure Activities Organised by the Japanese organisation

  
  

  Encouraged sports and cultural activities e.g. football and badminton matches

  
  

  Boxing matches also took place at Kim Seng Road

  • Maintain the appearance of a harmonious and happy society

  Win the support and loyalty of locals
• Maria Hetogh

  Singapore, 1954

  Che Aminah, Mrs Hertogh, Maria Hertogh,
• Maria Hertogh Riot

  Maria was named Nadra and was raised in the Muslim faith under Che Aminah

  Maria Hertogh’s Parents tried to reclaim ownership of her after WW2, but Che Aminah appealed against the judge’s decisions

  The case was portrayed as a religious issue between Islam and Catholic

  Muslims felt their religion was disrespected, felt the British sided with the Dutch when the judge disrespected Che Aminah’s appeal and made the marriage illegal.
• Maria Hertogh Riot

  Many muslim attacked the Eurasian in sight

  Riots continued for 3 days and curfew imposed

  18 killed, 173 injured

  Huge unrest and instability in Singapore