Gen Bio

• Genetics is the scientific study of genes

  and heredity—of how certain qualities or

  traits are passed from parents to offspring

  because of changes in DNA sequence.
• Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted

  between 1856 and 1863 established many

  of the rules of heredity, now referred to as

  the laws of Mendelian inheritance.
• Mendel worked with seven characteristics of pea plants:

  plant height, pod shape and color, seed shape and color, and

  flower position and color.
• An allele is one of a pair of genes that

  appear at a particular location on a particular

  chromosome and control the same characteristic,

  such as blood type or color blindness.
• Dominant alleles are seen

  as an uppercase of a letter.
• Recessive alleles are seen as a lower

  case of a letter.
• Homozygous- You inherit the same version

  of the gene from each parent, so you have

  two matching genes.
• Codominance- When you have two copies

  of the alleles that are both dominant.
• Heterozygous- You inherit a different

  version of a gene from each parent. They do

  not match.
• Genotype- A person's genotype is their

  unique sequence of DNA. More specifically,

  this term is used to refer to the two alleles a

  person has inherited for a particular gene.
• Phenotype is the detectable

  expression
• Genotype – a patient's clinical presentation
• A Punnett square is a chart that allows

  you to easily determine the expected

  percentage of different genotypes in the

  offspring of two parents.
• Transcription converts DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
•  Translation then decodes mRNA into amino acids