LECTURE 1

• What is research - Sanchez (2002) defined as a discovery and exploration of the unknown.
• What is research - Polit and Beck (2001) stated that research is a systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions or solve problems.
• Johnston and Christensen (2000) enumerated seven major parts of research : Title page, Abstract, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5
• Title page - the cover page you see when you open the cover.
• Abstract - it refers to a brief summary of the research
• Chapter 1 - also known as Introductory chapter, this is the main focus of the research, overview of the topic, main points of info and importance pf topic.
• Research problem - statement expressed clearly in an interrogative or question form.
• Research objectives - statement of purpose for which the investigation is to be conducted, stated in declarative form.
• Hypothesis - educational, intelligent guess. It can be a tentative explanation based on theory to predict a causal relationship between variables.
• Null hypothesis - type of hypothesis which says nothing happened.
• Alternative hypothesis - affirmation of an existence of an observed phenomenon.
• Theoretical framework - symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts of laws, variables and their relations
• Assumptions - a basic principle that is being true, on the basis of logic or reason without proof or verification.
• Significance of the study -  It refers to the potential importance, relevance, or impact of the research findings.
• Review of related literature - section in a research paper in which the sources are taken from book, journals, magazines, novels, poetry and many others.
• Related readings - major sources are law and department directives such as circulars, orders, memoranda. also known as related legal basis
• Related literature - taken from books, journals, magazines, novels, poetry
• Related studies - published and unpublished research studies are among the sources included in this section
• Research Methodology - this part discusses the techniques used by the researcher in drawing samples from the population
• Research design - FRAMEWORK within which research is conducted
• POPULATION - totality of all individuals
• Sampling techniques - process of selecting participants needed to answer the research questions
• Research locale - it is the place where the research is conducted
• Research instruments & techniques - measuring instruments which are used for gathering or collecting idea.

  EX. :

  tests, questionnaires, rating scales, interviews, observation schedule
• Data analysis and procedure - statistical techniques
• Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data - includes the presentation and the result of an investigation. From the previous findings of the researchers, the analysis and interpretation must be thoroughly discussed. Discussion must be accompanied by graphs, tables, and figures
• Summary - often found at the beginning of a research
• Summary of findings - summarizes the main findings and interpretations of the study
• Recommendations - suggest actions or steps that can be taken based on the study's findings