Aggression

• Hostile Aggression


  Angry and impulsive aggression that is unplanned
• Instrumental aggression


  Planned aggression used to accomplish or achieve a goal.
• Violent aggression 


  Aggression used to cause physical harm or injury to someone else
• Verbal/non-physical aggression


  Aggression that doesn't cause physical harm or injury i.e. shouting insults
• Hostile Attribution Bias


  Tendency to interpret others behaviour as threatening, aggressive, and feel provoked to react with own aggression, even if the behaviour is neutral.
• Desensitisation


  Loss of physiological arousal (increased heart rate/blood pressure) associated with exposure to aggression due to repeated exposure to aggression.
• Disinhibition


  Changing standards about aggression from seeing is as antisocial/harmful to seeing as normal due to repeated exposure to aggression.
• Institutional Aggression


  Violence which occurs within groups inside places such as prisonss
• Dispositional aggression


  Aggression is imported from outside world and emphasis individual characteristics as the cause of aggression.
• Situational aggression


  Characteristics of environment such as over crowding, high levels of noice, or deprivation cause aggression and frustration.
• Serotonin


  Low levels prevent self control leading to impulsive and aggressive behaviour
• Dopamine


  High levels causes individuals to intentionally seek out aggressive encounters as the enjoy them
• Testosterone


  High levels can be linked to aggression
• Cortisol


  Both high and low levels have been associated with aggression as if plays a role alongside testosterone (High T + Low C = Aggression and visa versa)
• MAOA-L

  • low activity version of MAOA
  • Affects the neurotransmitter regulating enzyme leading to aggression due to poor impulse control