sci 2

• biomolecules


  essential molecules produced and found in living organisms
• serve various functions, from providing structure to enabling biological processes


  biomolecules
• 4 main types of molecules

  1. carbohydrates
  2. proteins
  3. nucleic acids
  4. lipids
• primary source of energy for living organisms


  carbohydrates
• most common biomolecule


  carbohydrates
• building block of carbohydrates


  monosaccharide
• elements present in carbohydrates


  carbon-hydrogen-oxygen
• 3 classifications of carbohydrates

  1. monosaccharides
  2. disaccharides
  3. polysaccharides
• monosaccharides


  simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules
• building blocks of more complex carbohydrates


  monosaccharides
• found in fruits and honey (monosaccharides) 


  gluctose, fructose, galactose
• disaccharides 


  formed by chemical bonding of two monosaccharides molecules
• disaccharides


  serve as quick energy sources
• found in sugar cane and sugar beet


  sucrose (table sugar)
• polysaccharides


  complex carbohydrates consisting of long chains of monosaccharides units
• serve as energy storage and structural components


  polysaccharides
• starches


  molecules are found in an abundance of grains and root veggies
• glycogen


  store glucose energy from starches in the form of glycogen, found in liver and muscle tissue
• fibers


  found in the cell wall of plants and is highly branched and cross-linked
• iodine test


  positive result - color change

  negative result - no change
• proteins 


  complex molecules made of amino acids, performing diverse functions in the body
• proteins


  serves as enzymes, hormones, and structural component
• elements present in protein


  carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen
• biuret test


  negative result - remains blue

  positive result - blue to purple
• elements present in nucleic acid


  carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen-phosphorus
• lipids


  diverse molecules including fats, oils, and phospholopids
• serve as energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane components


  lipids
• elements present in lipid


  carbon-hydrogen-oxygen
• hydrophobic


  do not dissolve in water
• serve as waterproof covering in some plants and animals


  lipids
• serve as protect for internal organ

  lipids