3C

• Active Transport


  Movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane that requires energy
• Protein-Mediated Active Transport


  A type of active transport which involves using membrane proteins to move molecules across a membrane again their concentration gradient. Also known as active transport
• Bulk Transport


  A type of active transport that uses vesicles to move large molecules or groups of molecules into or out of the cell. Also know as cytosis
• Protein Pump


  A polypeptide that transports molecules across a membrane against its concentration gradient with the aid of ATP
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)


  A high energy molecule that, when broken down, provides energy for cellular processes
• Carrier Protein


  A membrane-based protein that undergoes conformational change to transport molecules across a membrane
• Conformational Change

  A change in the three-dimensional shape of macromolecules such as proteins
• Osmosis

  The passive transport of a solvent (typically water) through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute (high solvent) to a region of high solute (low solvent)
• Vesicle

  A small membrane-bound sac that transports or stores substances within a cell
• Exocytosis

  A type of bulk transport that moves large substances out of the cell
• Endocytosis

  A type of bulk transport that moves large substances into the cell
• Ribosomes

  Small RNA-protein structures that are the site of protein synthesis. They either float freely in the cytoplasm or are attached to the RER
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)


  A membrane chain of connected and flattened sacs which are coated with ribosomes on their outer surface that synthesise and modify proteins
• Golgi Body


  Stacked flattened sacs that are the site of protein sorting, packaging, and modification. Also known as the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex
• Secretory Products


  The substances inside a vesicle that are being transported out of the cell
• Lysosome


  A membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive enzymes. They are responsible for breaking down cell waste.
• Phagocytosis


  Endocytosis of solid material or food particles
• Pinocytosis


  Endocytosis of liquid or dissolved substances