5B

• Vascular Plants


  A group of plants that contain vascular tissues
• Root System


  Organ system in plants that is responsible for providing support to the plant and water and nutrient absorption from soil
• Shoot System


  Organ system in plants made up of reproductive organs, stems, and leaves
• Vascular Tissues


  Conducting tissues that transport water and nutrients within a plant. An encompassing term for the xylem tissue and phloem tissue
• Xylem Tissue


  Transports water and minerals in one direction, from the roots to the leaves
• Ploem Tissue


  Transports sugars and other nutrients in two directions, to all the cells of the plant
• Vascular Bundles


  The close arrangement of xylem and phloem tissues
• Root Hair Cell


  A cell with hair-like extensions that absorbs water and minerals from the soil into the root
• Extracellular Pathway


  The pathway by which roots absorb the majority of water from the soil. Also known as the apoplastic route
• Cytoplasmic Pathway


  The pathway by which roots absorb the majority of nutrients and essential minerals from the soil. Also known as the symplastic route
• Casparian Strip


  The impermeable barrier between the root cells and vascular tissue that forces water and solutes travelling by the extracellular pathway into the cytoplasm of cells
• Vessel Element


  The larger components of the xylem which stack end-to-end
• Tracheid


  The smaller elements of the xylem whose endings overlap with one another
• Lignified


  When a cell is strengthened by woody lignin deposits
• Sleeve Cell


  The living hollow tubes of the ploem which stack end-to-end
• Companion Cell


  The cells of the ploem that ensure sieve cells remain alive and regulate entry into the phloem
• Sleeve Plates

  The porous plates separating adjacent sieve cells
• Stoma

  Small pore on the leaf's surface that opens and closes to regulate gas exchange
• Transpiration


  The evaporation of water from leaves and movement of liquids up the xylem
• Capillary Action


  When a liquid, such as water, flows in narrow tubes due to the adhesion of the liquid to the surface of the tube
• Translocation


  The movement of substances from a source to other tissues in the plant via the phloem. Also known as source and sink movement
• Source


  A tissue of a plant where substances are produced or enter the plant
• Sink

  A tissue or plant where substances are stored
• Guard Cell


  A pair of curved cells that surround a stoma. When hot they lose turgor pressure and become flaccid, closing the stomata to limit water loss
• Stomatal Pore


  The opening in the center of turgid stoma, where gases freely enter or exit a leaf
• Epidermal Cells


  The plant's outermost cells which separate the plant from the external environment. These cells coat the leaves, fruits, stems, flowers, and roots of a plant. Also known as epidermis