6D

• Extracellular Fluid


  The fluid outside of cells
• Intracellular Fluid


  The fluid inside cells
• Solute


  A substance dissolved in the solvent
• Osmosis


  The passive transport of a solvent (typically water) through a semipermeable membrane from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution
• Crenate


  The distorted shape taken by cells when exposed to a hypertonic environment
• Hypotonic


  Describes a solution with a lower solute concentration when compared to another solution
• Hypertonic


  Describes a solution with a higher solution concentration when compared to another solution
• Osmolality


  The total concentration of solute in a given weight of water
• Osmoregulation


  The homeostatic regulation of osmolality in the body via the alteration of water and solute balance
• Isotonic


  Describes a solution with an equal solute concentration when compared to another solution
• Osmoreceptor


  A type of receptor found primarily in the hypothalamus that detects changes is osmolality
• Baroreceptor


  A type of receptor found throughout the body that detects changes in blood pressure
• Hypothalamus


  A section of the brain in mammals that controls the maintenance of the body's internal environment
• Pituitary Gland


  A gland in the brain that plays a large role in maintaining bodily functions by controlling the activity of several other endocrine glands
• Antidiuretics Hormone (ADH)


  A molecule secreted by the posterior pituitary gland in response to high solute concentrations in the blood. ADH increases the amount of water reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct and hence the amount of water conserved by the body. Also known as vasopressin
• Renin


  An enzyme secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure and volume. Renin initiated a process which increases the reabsorption of water and sodium, and increases the excretion of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
• Aquaporin


  A family of transmembrane proteins facilitating the transport of water into and out of a cell
• Aldosterone


  A steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal gland following the release of renin. Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of water from kidney filtrate by increasing the reabsorption of sodium