AMINO ACID

• Hemolysis - elevate Total Protein
• Kjeldahl method : classic method that determines Nitrogen.
• Serum proteins are precipitated with an organic acid called tungstic acid
• cupric sulfate- catalyst that speed the reaction in khjeldahl method
• Potassium sulfate- increase boiling point in khjeldahl method
• Ammonium borate formed is then titrated with a standard solution of HCl to

  determine the amount of nitrogen in the original protein solution.
• albumin- 53-65%
• a-1 globulin- 2.5-5%
• a-2 globulin- 7-13%
• b-globulin - 8-14%
• gamma-globulin - 12-22%
• monoclonal increase - high levels of gamma globulins
• alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency - low levels of alpha 1 globulins
• capillary electrophoresis - separation of molecules takes place in silica capillaries
• isoelectric focusing - zone electrophoresis that separates proteins on the basis of pI
• Proteinuria -resulting from glomerular or tubular dysfunction
• Qualitative test for urinary protein : Reagent test strip
• Quantitative test: 12-24 hour urine specimen
• Reference interval (10-40 years old): 15-45 mg/dL in csf protein
• albumin : 3.5 - 5.0 g/dL
• a-1 ; 0.1 - 0.3 g/dL