Yr 10 Science task 2

• Force


  A push, pull or twist
• Matter


  Anything that has mass and takes up space, never changes
• States of matter


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Motion

  Acceleration, distance, displacement
• Acceleration


  A way of measuring how fast something is travelling
• Distance


  How far something is moving in total
• Displacement


  How far an object is from its starting position
• Units of distance and displacement


  mm, cm, m, km
• Measuring distance and displacement

  Ruler, tape measure, trundle wheel
• Distance-time graph


  • Distance on y-axis, time on x-axis
  • Line represents speed
  • Never goes down as distance can't be undone
• Standing still


  • Time is increasing, distance is the same, straight line, not moving at all
• Same speed


  • Straight line, same speed
• Speeding up


  • Curvy line pointing up, more distance in a shorter amount of time
• Slowing down


  • Curvy line pointing down, less distance in a longer amount of time
• Speed-time graph


  • Speed on y-axis, time on x-axis
  • Rising speed - object is getting faster
  • Falling speed - object is slowing
  • Flat graph - object is travelling at constant speed
• Balanced forces


  Equal and opposite forces, object is still or moving at constant speed
• Unbalanced forces


  Forces are not equal, object is speeding up or slowing down
• Reaction time


  The time it takes to react to a sudden event
• Importance of reaction time


  • Driving, sports, emergency situations
• Inertia


  An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with constant speed unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
• Inertia and car accidents

  Dummies travel at same speed as car, when car stops dummies keep moving, seatbelts stop dummies when car stops
• Car safety features


  • Airbags, seatbelts, passenger safety cell, crumple zones, safety glass, engine block, anti-lock brakes, collapsible steering wheel column, side-impact bars
• Newton's second law


  F=ma, force, mass, acceleration
• Newton's third law


  For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
• Element


  One type of atom
• Compound


  Two or more different elements combined
• Molecule


  Two or more atoms combined
• Mass number


  Sum of protons and neutrons
• Atomic number


  Number of protons
• For every plus there is a minus, for every proton in an atom there is an electron = atoms are stable
• Periods


  Elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals
• Groups


  Elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their last shell
• Group 8 - Noble gases

  Chemically inert, have full outer shell, cannot gain or lose electrons
• Noble gases


  • Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon
• Radon


  Main chemical in uranium decay, daughters
• Groups of elements


  • Metals
  • Non-metals
• Metals


  • Shiny lustre, malleable, conduct heat and electricity, ductile
• Non-metals

  • Dull, brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, not ductile
• Conservation of mass


  What is a chemical reaction, reactants become products, mass is never created or destroyed, only transformed
• Chemical reaction


  • Magnesium + copper oxide → magnesium oxide + copper