History Cold War Paper 1

• Style of warfare used by the Mujahideen


  Guerilla warfare
• Carter Doctrine


  A policy which stated that the USA would use military force if necessary to defend its interests in the Persian Gulf region
• 'The Berlin wall was built to stop the spread of communism'
• Nur Mohammed Taraki


  Took power in April 1978 in Afghanistan
• The USSR feared political upheaval in Afghanistan


  Because Afghanistan was dependent on the USSR
• The USA feared the USSR takeover of Afghanistan


  Because it would make the USSR stronger
• Mujahideen


  Holy war/mission
• Soviet invasion of Afghanistan


  1979
• Soviet invasion of Afghanistan


  Led to Carter Doctrine
• Reagan's attitude to communism and the USSR


  Believed it was an 'evil empire' and wanted to establish US power
• Things Reagan spent money on to fuel the Cold War tension


  • SDI
  • Missiles
• NUTS policy


  Nuclear Utilisation Target selection - Destroying USSR missiles
• Some thought Reagan was inexperienced to lead the USA and negotiate with the USSR


  Because he believed that violence was the form of power, refusing to sign any peace treaty
• Reagan's Zero Option


  American proposal for the withdrawal of all Soviet and US missiles from Europe
• US support of the Polish Solidarity movement in 1982


  Caused tension as it was a first trade union in a Warsaw Pact (capitalist traits)
• Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan


  Ended Détente as it went against the idea of peace
• The Olympic boycott in Moscow in 1980 increased superpower tension
• Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) "Star Wars"


  Layers of technology that the US can destroy any form of in-air ballistic missiles
• SDI expanded the cold war into


  Created fear and tension
• SDI created tension with the USSR

  Because they were not as technologically advanced as the USA
• USSR's SDI response


  Focused on development of advanced missiles and anti-satellite systems
• How many troops invaded Afghanistan on the 25th december 1979?


  30000
• Who became the new leader of Afghanistan in 1979?

  Hafizullah amin
• How many soilders were needed to keep afghanistan under control?


  85000
• East and West Germany reunited


  3rd of October 1990
• What new problems did the break up of the USSR bring?


  -communist satellite states become free -warsaw pact collapsed
• Why did East German people flee to the west at first?

  Called the brain drain, they fled because the communist regime was relaxed
• What did Germay join shortly after East and West were reunited?

  NATO in 1955
• Who made the "take down that wall speech and when?


  Ronald Reagen on June 12th 1987
• When did the warsaw pact collapse?


  1st July 1991
• What countries were made due to the collapse of the USSR in 1991?


  Ukraine, georgia, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania
• What happened 25th december 1991?

  Gorbachev resigned
• What happened on the 19th August when Gorbachev was trying to reform the USSR?


  Gang of 8 tried to overthrow Gorbachev, only lasted 3 days
• When and which country was the first to step away from communism?

  Poland, august 1989
• What does perestroika mean?


  A political reform meaning restructuring
• What was the Sinatra Doctrine?

  It allowed Satellite states to have their own ideas / domestic affairs
• What did Argentina and Bolivia do to take steps towards democracy in the 1980s?


  Held presidential elections for the first time in 61 and 25 years.
• What 3 reasons for the superpowers to engage in Detenté?


  -Lessen the danger of nuclear war -Save money and reduce the amount spent on arms race -Working together and establish peace
• How did the Apollo-Soyuz mussion in 1975 help relations?


  They worked together, therefore could not use the technological advances against one another
• What was agreed through the salt 1 treaty??


  Able to talk and trade with different beliefs all whilst avoiding conflict