Gen Chem Chapter Quiz ATAY

• Bronsted-Lowry Theory states that the strength of an acid is measured by its tendency to donate protons H , while the strength of a base is measured by its tendency to accept protons
• BRONSTED-LOWRY ACID –BASE REACTION Is any reaction in which a proton is transferred from an acid to a base
• Water is AMPHOTERIC which means it can act as both a Bronsted-Lowry acid and a Bronsted-Lowry base
• A Bronsted-Lowry acid is any species that is capable of donating a proton-H+
• A Bronsted-Lowry base is any species that is capable of accepting a proton, which requires a lone pair of electrons to bond to the H +
• A Bronsted-Lowry base is any species that is capable of accepting a proton, which requires a lone pair of electrons to bond to the H +
• The conjugate acid of a Bronsted-Lowry base is the chemical formed after a base accepts a proton.
• An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron
• Oxidation is the loss of electron during a reaction by a molecule, atom, atom or ion.
• Reduction is a gain of electrons or oxidation state of an atom, molecule, or ion decreases.
• The conjugate base of a Bronsted-Lowry acid is the chemical formed after an acid donates proton.
• Galvanic cell,

  Chemical energy is converted to electrical energy.
• While in Electrolytic Cell, Voltaic cells are driven by a spontaneous

  chemical reaction that produces an electric current through an outside circuit
• Reduction Potential

  Measures the tendency of a molecule to be reduced by taking up new electrons
• Oxidation potential

  The measure of a material to oxidize or lose electrons
• Cell Potential

  The measure of potential difference between two half cells in an electrochemical cell
• Standard Reduction Potential

  It is the reduction potential of a molecule under specific standard conditions.
• Oxidizing Agent

  A substance that can ACCEPT electrons from another substance or increase the oxidation number in another substance
• Reducing Agent

  A substance that can DONATE electrons to another substance or decrease the oxidation number in another substance
• Oxidation

  It is the half reaction that involves the loss of electrons
• Reduction

  It is the half reaction that involves the gain of electrons
• Redox reaction are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and corrosion or rusting.