ERGONOMICS, ANTHRO, PROXEMICS

• Dieter Rams: 'You cannot understand good design if you do not understand people.'
• There's a science to achieving the most efficient design.
• Design efficiency can be subjective.
• Anthropometrics


  The science that deals with measurement of the physical attributes of humans
• Ergonomics


  The applied science concerned with designing and arranging things people use so that the people and things interact most efficiently and safely
• Proxemics


  The branch of knowledge that deals with the amount of space that people feel it necessary to set between themselves and others
• Neglecting human factors in interior design can create frustration and discomfort.
• Anthropometrics


  • Deals with measurement of the physical attributes of humans
  • Originated from the study of human body proportions and its metrological implications by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and Leonardo da Vinci

  
• Vitruvius applied the analogy of the proportions of the human body to the design of temples.

  
• Vitruvius described the proportions of the "well-shaped man" in detail.

  
• In a temple, there ought to be harmony in the symmetrical relations of the different parts to the whole, just as in the human body.
• Ernst Neufert's "Architects' Data"


  • Featured scaled illustrations of basic architectural typologies designed to allow for the rapid and systematic production of buildings including standardized human bodies
• Le Corbusier's "The Modulor"


  • A universal measuring system that attempted to give architecture a mathematical order oriented to a human scale
  • Composed of three main measures: the height of the standardized man, the height of the standard man with an arm raised, and the height of the navel
• The realization that there was a large number of people with disabilities and additional needs of the elderly led to an understanding that men are not all the same.
• Henry Dreyfuss Associates' Humanscale guide


  • Graphs showing the measurements of the human body and how it relates to the surrounding space
  • They are intended to serve as a guide for designing everything from seats and wheelchairs to vehicles and helmets, and represent men, women, and children, including the disabled and the elderly.

  
• Anthropometrics


  Helps us understand people's physical characteristics so we can create items that better fit them physically
• Ergonomics


  Helps us consider factors such as user safety and comfort levels when crafting items for everyday use
• By combining anthropometrics and ergonomics, we can create designs that are not only efficient but also optimized specifically for each user.
• Ergonomics


  The scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance
• Ergonomic design principles based on anthropometry


  • Design for adjustability
  • Design for the extreme
  • Design for the average
• Well-designed, human-centered workspaces can increase productivity by up to 25%.
• Understanding how people interact with their environment is crucial for creating interiors that not only look good but also function well.
• Effective use of ergonomics will make work safer, healthier and more productive.
• Proxemics is distinct from ergonomics, which is more about how people fit into their environment.
• Anthropometry is the measurement of human body dimensions
• Marcus Vitruvius Pollio 


  -delved into the study of human body proportions and its metrological implications.
• is a mathematical drawing by Renaissance polymath Leonardo da Vinci. Inspired by the writings of Roman architect Vitruvius, it depicts two male postures superimposed on each other, with the first one having the feet together and arms outstretched to the sides of the square and the other one having a cross body and spread-eagle arms.


  Vitruvian Man
• The length of the foot is one-sixth of the height of the body; of the forearm, one-fourth; and the breadth of the breast is also one-fourth. The other members, too, have their own symmetrical proportions, and it was by employing them that the famous painters and sculptors of antiquity to great and endlessrenown.
• Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris "Le Corbusier” (1948)


  launched one of his most famous publications, entitled “The Modulor” , a universal measuring system that attempted to give architecture a mathematical order oriented to a human scale.
• the height of the standardized man, which was 1.83 m or 6 feet; the height of the standard man with an arm raised, which was 2.26 m; and the height of the navel, considered the halfway mark to the tip ofraised arm, which was 1.13 m.
• It wasthe Nordic countries and England that suggested that the Vitruvian understanding of the ' well-constituted human figure ' could be replaced by that of the man conceived,respected, and analyzed within the diversity of his capacities and, also, disabilities
• Ergonomics and anthropometrics are two important considerations when designing products or systems for people ' s use. Anthropometrics helps us understand people ' s physical characteristics so we can create items that better fit them physically while ergonomics helps us consider factors such as user safety and comfort levels when crafting items for everyday use. By combining these two concepts we can create designs that are not only efficient but also optimized specifically for each user!
• Ergonomics


  an applied science concerned with designing and arranging things people use so that the people and things interact most efficiently and safely called (also biotechnology, human engineering, human factors)
• Derived from the Greek words ‘Ergon’ meaning work and ‘nomos’ meaning laws
• DESIGN FOR ADJUSTABILITY


  Itrecognizesthe uniqueness of each person and strivesto meet theirindividual needs with flexible configurations.
• DESIGN FOR THE EXTREME


  This principle makes use of the statistical data by attempting to develop a design that can accommodate nearly all users- “Design for Extreme Individuals”
• DESIGN FOR THE AVERAGE


  This approach basesthe design on the average anthropometric data of the users. It comes up with a one-size-fits-allsolution.
• Proxemics is the branch of knowledge that deals with the amount ofspace that people feel it necessary to set between themselves and others. Anthropologist Edward Hall coined this word in the early 1960s and classified 4 major proxemic zones: the intimate space, personalspace, socialspace, and public space.